This research study aimed to investigate the critical role of maternal mindsets and the feedback provided by mothers in shaping their children's beliefs about intelligence and abilities when they faced academic challenges and failures. Grounded in the growth-mindset theory, which posits that intelligence is not fixed but malleable and can be…

One crucial characteristic of scientifically literate individuals is making informed decisions in socioscientific issues (SSI). Participants' reasoning patterns and their risk perceptions shape their decisions. Thus, determining participants' informal reasoning patterns along with their risk perceptions while making decisions in SSI becomes…

The purpose of this study was to find the relationships among teachers' conceptions of intelligence, teacher care, and teacher feedback in the realm of English Language Teaching (ELT). To this aim, three scales were developed to measure the aforementioned constructs. The participants consisted of 81 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and…

This investigation concerns feedback praise (person and process praise) and how it relates to implicit theories of intelligence (entity and incremental theories) among pre-service teachers. In the first study 176 pre-service teachers participated, while in the second study 151 of such teachers participated. Two new measures, one of feedback praise…

The way students, aged 12 through 16, ascribed meaning to coded words representing historical terms, based on contextual clues, was studied. Intelligence, grammatical ability, cultural background, and interest in history were also examined. (Author/MH)