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Kop, Peter M. G. M.; Janssen, Fred J. J. M.; Drijvers, Paul H. M.; van Driel, Jan H. – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2020
Students in secondary school often struggle with symbol sense, that is, the general ability to deal with symbols and to recognize the structure of algebraic formulas. Fostering symbol sense is an educational challenge. In graphing formulas by hand, defined as graphing using recognition and reasoning without technology, many aspects of symbol sense…
Descriptors: Graphs, Mathematical Formulas, Symbols (Mathematics), Algebra
Dossey, John A. – 1985
In the introductory section of this report, the Second International Mathematics Study (1981-82) is described. The study, which involved about 500 classrooms in the United States and classrooms in 24 other countries in grades 8 and 12, was designed to provide detailed information about the content of the mathematics curriculum, how mathematics is…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Assessment, Educational Research, Grade 12