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Direct linkMahmoud Abdi Tabari; Jongbong Lee – Language Awareness, 2025
This study investigates how task complexity affects native speakers' and second language (L2) learners', and experts' perceptions of task difficulty in writing tasks. It also explores how task complexity influences English native speakers' and L2 learners' linguistic complexity in their writing. Ninety participants performed one simple and one…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Linguistics, Student Attitudes, English
Download full textBazan, Bartolo – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2021
In this study, I sought to investigate whether visuospatial working memory (VWM) explains individual differences in reading fluency growth. One hundred and thirty Japanese junior and senior high school students were administered the Mr. Peanut and reversed Corsi tasks, respectively as measures of VWM, followed by three waves of reading fluency…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Short Term Memory, Reading Fluency, Reading Rate
Barrios, Elvira; Acosta-Manzano, Irene – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2022
This study investigated primary students' perceptions of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Natural Science and Social Sciences and variations in perceptions by individual and social factors. The sample comprised 524 Spanish-speaking students aged 9-13 years from bilingual Spanish-English schools in Andalusia (Spain). The study…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Difficulty Level, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Hyun, Joo-Eun; Lee, Jin-Hwa – English Teaching, 2018
This study investigated whether task complexity may affect L2 speaking performance as predicted by the Cognition Hypothesis (Robinson, 2011), and whether the effect of task complexity may interact with individual differences in working memory capacity. A total of twenty Korean advanced-level EFL learners performed two separate picture description…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Attention Control, Task Analysis, Correlation
Bilikozen, Neslihan; Akyel, Ayse – Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 2014
This study explores the relative contribution to EFL reading comprehension of the following individual-difference variables: prior knowledge, topic interest, linguistic proficiency, gender, reading motivation, and metacognitive awareness. It also investigates the relationship between the aforementioned individual differences and the role of text…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Reading Motivation, Prior Learning, Second Language Learning
Oltman, Philip K. – 1994
The possibility exists that some people might be at a disadvantage in registering their responses to a computerized test if mouse manipulation were complicated. This would be of particular concern if some groups were differentially affected by the complexity of manipulation. This study analyzed data from a pilot test conducted in 1991 for the…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Computer Literacy, Difficulty Level, Individual Differences
