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Direct linkPeijian Paul Sun; Zeqi Ren; Xian Zhao – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2025
Background: Student engagement has been conceptualised and operationalised in various learning environments. However, there is currently a lack of established scales to measure student engagement in synchronous online learning. One possible reason is the existence of the conceptual and structural ambiguity regarding student engagement. Objective:…
Descriptors: Student Participation, Second Language Learning, Synchronous Communication, Electronic Learning
Chen, Jingjun; Xia, Yuan; Wan, Liyan; Luo, Rong – Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 2021
The relationship between handwriting and instant message (IM) frequency has not been studied in English and the reason may be related to the similar cognitive process of typing IM and handwriting words. The mental processes of producing both handwriting and typing English words are from semantics to phonology and orthography. However, the…
Descriptors: Synchronous Communication, Computer Mediated Communication, Handwriting, Writing Skills
Download full textMcCarroll, Julie; Hartwick, Peggy – Online Learning, 2022
In this paper, we focus on perceived cognitive presence (CP) in three sections of an intermediate level English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course facilitated online. The researchers intend to demonstrate how lesson design, scaffolding, and a blend of synchronous and asynchronous delivery create perceived CP. Data was collected from the CoI survey…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Learner Engagement, Lesson Plans, Online Courses
