Tanzanian secondary school students have consistently performed poorly in the topic of motion in a straight line, which involves kinematics formulas and graphs. Despite instruction, many struggle to plot and interpret these graphs, largely due to limited conceptual understanding among both learners and teachers. This study examines the conceptual…

Epistemological obstacle is emphasized in mathematics education. Students often have limited students' context of knowledge in understanding trigonometry. Knowing the epistemology obstacle can help a teacher understand the student's misconception. Therefore, this study aimed to identify students' epistemological obstacles of trigonometry and…