This study investigates how task complexity shapes motivation and performance in second language (L2) pragmatics, a domain that remains underexplored within task-based learning research. To address this gap, 37 secondary school learners of English completed both simple and complex decision-making tasks at three intervals over an eight-week period.…

The growing body of research on foreign language emotion (FLEM) suggests a need for further studies on the sources and hierarchy of FLEM, particularly through the lens of positive psychology. This insight would enable instructors to prioritize their interventions more effectively, thereby enhancing the emotional experiences of foreign language…

Concordancer tools have been used to help students learn aspects of written English by engaging them to access, examine, and analyze language examples in a corpus. Nonetheless, their efficacy remains uncertain when compared to other tools. This study compared a concordancer tool to Grammarly, QuillBot, Google search, online dictionaries, and…

Previous research has documented positive effects of pre-task planning on task-based performance, commonly analyzed in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency, in an L2. However, the sources of planning have rarely been examined in the research of task-based language teaching. The present study explored EFL learners' oral performance across the…

Despite a high score in Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and a fluent command of English in non-academic contexts, international graduate students may find themselves struggling to write academic papers, perhaps almost immediately after they begin graduate education. Although graduate faculty can see variations on student papers, they…

In this article, we present the results of an eight-week in-class intervention, during which binomial expressions comprised of academic vocabulary (results and conclusions, facts and circumstances) were presented to intermediate-level learners of English. Constraints that govern the preferred order of highly fixed binomials were explained as the…

Research has demonstrated that pronunciation teaching can be effective, but there have been very few classroom-based studies that have focused on the perception aspect of pronunciation. This article explains the theory and practical application of a conceptual approach and reports on its impact on perception of English word stress. The…

With the increased emphasis in communicative language learning and task-based language teaching, classroom assessment increasingly includes performance-based assessments (e.g., essays, speeches, projects, presentations), which require careful planning and can be challenging to implement and assess. The ability to design and use well-designed…

Previous research has shown that there is a relationship between language and identity, and thus the present study focuses on ethnic group affiliation (EGA) as a part of one's ethnic group identity and its association with speech constructs (i.e., intelligibility, comprehensibility, accentedness, and acceptability). EGA scores were collected…

The present study investigated non-native speaker (NNS) teachers' data-driven criteria in scoring multiple-rejoinder written discourse completion test tasks (MR-WDCT) and their points of (mis)match with expert-driven criteria. Specifically, this study scrutinized factors considered by NNS experienced and novice teachers in evaluating responses to…

Recent research points to the need for a specific research focus on language task engagement because task engagement can lead to increased motivation, persistence, satisfaction, and learner achievement (Early, Rogge, & Deci, 2014; Henri, Halverson, & Graham, 2015; Reeve & Lee, 2014); a major gap in the research in this area is the lack…

This study explored the longitudinal changes of Japanese EFL learners' psychological attributes of unwillingness to speak English in a task-based classroom. Thirty-three university students participated in this study. They engaged in a communicative task once a week for two semesters. They completed a questionnaire examining the psychological…

Much research has investigated the role of planning time in second language writing; however, the results show that there are inconsistent findings about the effects of planning time conditions on the complexity of the EFL learners' textual output. The current study attempted to consider the differential effects of planning time conditions in…

The amount of second language (L2) use has significant influence on native speakers' comprehension of L2 learners' speech. Nonetheless, few empirical studies examine how differences in the amount of language use affect the intelligibility and comprehensibility of nonnative speakers' reading and spontaneous speech. This study aims to contribute to…