The rise of virtual learning established e-learning as an emerging education delivery method (Jones et al., 2022). One of the barriers to virtual education was the lack of insight into the quality of students' online learning experience. For instance, without an active instructor to clarify the course content, virtual learners viewed instructional…

Over the past few decades there has been increased attention on instructional practices that incorporate and build on student thinking. To effectively implement these practices, it is essential for an instructor to demonstrate responsiveness to student thinking. Although important, responsiveness is not well-understood at the post-secondary level.…