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Download full textLivingston, Samuel A. – Educational Testing Service, 2014
This booklet grew out of a half-day class on equating that author Samuel Livingston teaches for new statistical staff at Educational Testing Service (ETS). The class is a nonmathematical introduction to the topic, emphasizing conceptual understanding and practical applications. The class consists of illustrated lectures, interspersed with…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Scoring, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Scores
Liu, Ou Lydia; Schedl, Mary; Malloy, Jeanne; Kong, Nan – Educational Testing Service, 2009
The TOEFL iBT[TM] has increased the length of the reading passages in the reading section compared to the passages on the TOEFL[R] computer-based test (CBT) to better approximate academic reading in North American universities, resulting in a reduced number of passages in the reading test. A concern arising from this change is whether the decrease…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Internet, Computer Assisted Testing
Chodorow, Martin; Burstein, Jill – Educational Testing Service, 2004
This study examines the relation between essay length and holistic scores assigned to Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM] (TOEFL[R]) essays by e-rater[R], the automated essay scoring system developed by ETS. Results show that an early version of the system, e-rater99, accounted for little variance in human reader scores beyond that which…
Descriptors: Essays, Test Scoring Machines, English (Second Language), Student Evaluation
