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Sawaki, Yasuyo – ETS Research Report Series, 2017
The purpose of the present study is to examine whether performance on the "TOEFL iBT"® Reading practice test is affected by 3 different levels of feedback provided to learners upon completion of reading exercises: (a) correctness of learner response (the knowledge of correct results [KCR] feedback), (b) KCR feedback and rationales for…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Feedback (Response)
Rock, JoAnn Leah – ETS Research Report Series, 2007
In this study, a hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used within a cluster random assignment design to test the impact of "Criterion"? on students' writing skill when "Criterion" was used as a supplementary instructional tool in ninth grade English classrooms over a 4 week period. The study was conducted in three states:…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Teaching Methods, Grade 9, English Instruction

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