Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) is associated with willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC). Although affective mediators (e.g. enjoyment and anxiety) have been found to influence the relationship between IDLE and L2 WTC, it is unclear whether cognitive factors influence IDLE's effects on L2 WTC. This study aims to fill…

This study shows how a facilitator gives directive-instructions to create interactional spaces for second language (L2) learning in an online setting by investigating interactions in a video-mediated extensive reading (ER) book club. Taking a multimodal conversation analysis approach, the study observes the facilitator's changing practices of…

This study explored teachers' perceived benefits, issues and their responses to the issues when conducting synchronous online English language teaching (SOELT) for young learners "via" the lens of Bourdieu's (1986) capital framework. A mixed-methods design using in-depth interviews and a Likert-scale survey was adopted to investigate the…

This study investigated participants' perceived attitudinal learning in language massive open online courses (LMOOCs). A mixed-method design was used to evaluate the attitudinal learning outcomes of 151 participants who completed the attitudinal learning questionnaire at the middle and end of the course, as well as 10 participants who participated…

This paper investigates the effects of watching an entire season of a French series with the streaming service Netflix in an out-of-classroom context. University Dutch-speaking low- to high-intermediate learners of French were divided into two groups: a control group who only took the tests (N = 37) and a treatment group (N = 65). Learners in the…

Artificial agents, such as voice-controlled conversational agents (VCAs) built into smart devices, are becoming more prevalent in daily and educational contexts, enhancing the possibility of using them as language partners. However, research has primarily focused on the cognitive or affective outcomes of using these agents, overlooking questions…

As a concept established on MOOC, SPOC has been used by many instructors in universities. Although SPOC-based flipped classroom instructional modes have been applied in many disciplines including English learning in China, no empirical study has tried to disentangle the application of the modes in teaching English pronunciation. This study reports…

Technological progress has enhanced classroom gamification in a number of learning contexts. Kahoot! as a digital game-based learning platform is being increasingly integrated into teaching environments to facilitate effective classroom learning. The research focused on Chinese students' perceptions of using Kahoot! in classroom teaching in order…

While the importance of the peer feedback in second or foreign language (L2 or FL) classrooms in higher education has been increasingly recognized, empirical research on discussing peer feedback literacy from the perspective of community-based academic writing is very much in its infancy. Informed by the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, this…

This study explains the emergence of virtual classrooms as an online language learning (OLL) instruction method. There is clarification of how virtual classroom systems operate, followed by a discussion of the benefits of learning in these environments. Private corporations are capitalizing on OLL and generating an estimated global gross income of…

As a primary form of communication in the global village, the importance of English writing cannot be emphasized enough. Most academic institutions regard training their students to write English effectively as a goal of the curriculum. Here in Taiwan is no exception to that; therefore, more and more colleges start to offer English writing courses…

This study investigated the effects of digital and non-digital gamification on EFL learners' learning collocations, satisfaction, perceptions, and sense of flow. The participants divided into three groups of digitally gamified, non-digitally gamified, and non-gamified classes were 75 Iranian EFL students at B1 level. In each class, students were…

Research has shown that massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) have the potential to offer language learning opportunities. However, there is a dearth of research exploring student attitudes about the potential of these games for language learning. We used the language learning principles framework proposed by Brown and Lee…

This study explores the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) in Chinese as a second language (CSL) vocabulary learning from the international students' perspective. A new theoretical framework of VR-based vocabulary learning was designed and verified to serve the investigation. A total of 30 international students learning CSL in a Chinese…

The present study explored the impact of flipped classroom on English as a foreign language (EFL) students' global writing performance and writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) through a quasi-experimental research design. In so doing, two intact classes were selected from an Iranian university as the participants of the study and they…