Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine how children from across the world draw themselves talking and to apply an interdisciplinary analysis to understand children's perspectives to improve delivery of services. Method: Participants were 200 children from 24 countries who submitted a drawing of themselves talking to someone using the…

We investigated the perceptions of children aged 48 to 72 months regarding father involvement. The research employed a qualitative method and a phenomenological design. The subjects comprised 12 children aged 48-72 months who attended early childhood education. We collected data through semi-structured individual interviews and the draw-and-tell…

Games are used as effective pedagogical tools in language classrooms. Gamifying language tasks can motivate learners to actively participate in the learning process. Probing how games in English language classrooms enable rhizomatic learning, this research study explores how the use of collaborative drawing, elements of gamification, and…

This collective case study sought to investigate the distinctive writing processes and productions of young writers within the space of a writers' workshop. Based on video-taped observations, fieldnotes, writing samples, and teacher and student interviews, a description of preschool students' writing processes began to unfold. Some might consider…

Recent US science standards conceptualize science as a set of shared multidisciplinary ideas and practices in common with engineering and computer science (CS). At the core, this portrayal requires an understanding of CS as a viable career path and set of discrete knowledge and skills, including those related to computer programming. However,…

Undergraduate STEM retention has been a longstanding concern. Specifically, majors such as engineering have experienced a high dropout rate consistently in the past several decades. This study is aimed at understanding factors contributing to making the engineering major challenging, and individual factors that help first-year engineering students…

The purpose of this study was to explore an approach to an elementary science methods course that utilized a science notebook to physically distinguished multiple perspectives of science teaching and learning. We conceptualized teacher candidates' (TCs') thinking within a framework titled "Exploring Multiple Perspectives in the Methods…

The Bicycle Drawing Test (BDT) serves to identify poor memory, psychomotor deficiencies, and cognitive deficiencies. This study examined 206 students' performance on the BDT measure, text-based and graph-based questions in undergraduate-level macroeconomics courses. Correlational analyses suggest that the drawing task component of BDT is…

This study explores the dynamic, interactive nature of digital drawings and writing in a knowledge building community in which students used a multimedia online environment--Knowledge Forum--to represent and advance ideas in the field of optics. The research employs a mixed-methods case study to collect and analyze multimedia notes created by 22…

The purpose of the study was to examine how integrated science and disciplinary literacy instruction influenced the quality of science informational text produced by first-grade students and student perceptions these young children held about scientists. The disciplinary literacy instruction took place over the course of 8 weeks (three 20-30-min…

Drawing, constructing, and explaining a model of a given abstract phenomenon is a challenging task. In this study, students were engaged in the "Project-Based Inquiry Science (PBIS)-Air Quality" learning unit, as part of their chemistry curriculum. The study aim is to determine how well students understand chemistry conceptually after…

Learning by teaching can be effective, yet many students fail to engage in knowledge building, in which they actively generate inferences and connect the material to their existing knowledge. Recent research suggests creating drawings while orally explaining to others fosters knowledge building and long-term learning; however, the mechanisms…

This study examines how middle school students develop an increasingly coherent understanding of aquatic ecosystems. As part of a broader design research study that used Structure-Behavior-Function (SBF) theory as an organizing conceptual representation, we created two instructional units that focused on pond and aquarium environments. We coded…

Mathematics Teacher Educators (MTEs) help preservice teachers in transitioning from students to teachers of mathematics. They support PSTs in shifting what they notice and envision to align with the collective vision encoded in the AMTE and NCTM standards. This study analyzes drawings and descriptions completed at the beginning and end of a…

Several studies have shown that "learner-generated external visual representations" (LGVRs) play a vital role for learning scientific concepts and processes. However, we know little about teachers' reasoning as to why and how to implement LGVR activities in their teaching. Thus, the purpose of our study is to determine why teachers let…