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Wang, Rui; Krosnick, Jon A. – International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2020
Questionnaires routinely measure unipolar and bipolar constructs using rating scales. Such rating scales can offer odd numbers of points, meaning that they have explicit middle alternatives, or they can offer even numbers of points, omitting the middle alternative. By examining four types of questions in six national or regional telephone surveys,…
Descriptors: Validity, Rating Scales, Questionnaires, Telephone Surveys
Heller, Joan I.; Curtis, Deborah A.; Jaffe, Rebecca; Verboncoeur, Carol J. – Online Submission, 2005
This study investigated the relationship between instructional use of handheld graphing calculators and student achievement in Algebra 1. Three end-of-course test forms were administered (without calculators) using matrix sampling to 458 high-school students in two suburban school districts in Oregon and Kansas. Test questions on two forms were…
Descriptors: Test Items, Standardized Tests, Suburban Schools, Item Sampling