Reviews several alternative conceptions of stress drawn from the literature in an effort to clarify some of the reasons that stressful situations are perceived as stressful. Particular attention is paid to educational managership as a stress-inducing condition. (PGD)

Wrightsman has established that assumptions about human nature distinguish religious, occupational, political, gender, and other groups, and that they predict behavior in structured situations. Hjelle and Ziegler proposed a set of nine basic bipolar assumptions about the nature of people: freedom-determinism; rationality-irrationality;…

The motive to avoid success has been conceptualized as an ambivalence in life-goal directions, particularly characteristic of white college women. The presence or absence of the motive to avoid success was found to interact significantly with two experimental sets of instructions: Difficult vs. Easy (Experiment 1) and Internal vs. External…

Rational-emotive therapy (RET) holds that much of what we call the human "ego" has little or no legitimacy and, when conceived of and given a global rating (e.g., the individual gets rated as "worthwhile" or "worthless"), interferes with survival and happiness. Certain aspects of "ego" do have a verifiable existence and lead to beneficial results:…

Currently it is recognized that psychology of people may involve both an implicit theory of interpersonal warmness and the personality trait of warmness. Just as the trait of dominance depends on the relative strengths of interactants, so may perceivers expect the trait of warmness to derive its meaning from an interpersonal context. Elements of…

Prior research has indicated that a person attempts to conform to standards of correctness when objectively self-aware (OSA), suggesting than an OSA person will feel less control than a subjectively self-aware (SSA) person because the standards of correctness restrict the number of preferred outcomes that the causal agent self can produce. The…

Many methods in clinical and personality psychology has as their implicit if not explicit aim the eliciting of transformations so that the mind of the subject may be better understood. By offering a graduate seminar in "Psychobiography and Historiometry," the author hoped to deal with the problem of design and transformation in the study…

A sample of 204 counseling students and counselors with differing levels of experience and education from Utah colleges, universities, and public schools was asked to rate themselves and the ideal counselor on 38 semantic differential scales. Discrepancy scores derived from self-ideal differences were analyzed and found to support the hypotheses…

Successful and unsuccessful outcomes in 24 therapy dyads were analyzed according to client-therapist personality integration (pi). Results indicated that successful outcome was most likely to occur when both client and therapist were high pi. Failure was most frequent among mixed sex dyads with discrepant pi differences. Implications for effective…

Two assumptions commonly held in educational psychology are questioned. According to the first assumption, mental states and processes are studied in isolation. According to the second assumption, an individuals' psychology, that which is of relevance to education, is often studied out of social and cultural context, rendering suspect explanations…

The use of self-monitoring and self-reported variability in cross-situational behavior to identify persons most likely to manifest covariation between their attitudes and behaviors was investigated. In the first session, subjects (N=102) completed Snyder's Self-Monitoring Scale, assessed their religious attitudes and indicated the extent to which…

Attitude change was measured on four different topics before and immediately after a persuasion was presented in order to compare the degree of change with the level of ego involvement as it relates to topic controversiality. Ego involvement was based on self-ratings of concern for each topic. Objective topic controversiality was based on the…

The concept of androgyny refers to the psychological wholeness of a person defined as the ability of an individual to identify with both masculine and feminine characteristics, depending on their appropriateness in various situations. This paper presents an overview of the construct of androgyny, describes the Bem Sex Role Inventory as a measure…

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if three Adlerian interpreters could examine the same completed protocol and arrive at similar interpretations of the subject's life style based on the information contained in the protocol. Since the study was intended only as a preliminary investigation, no attempt was made to analyze the…

The general aim of this study was to provide a research strategy for members of interdisciplinary teams in exploring the interrelationship between group and individual in the therapy group process. The special focus of the study was to provide a design model that could synthesize a wide variety of data gained from group interaction, individual…