Images in children's books convey messages about society and the roles that people play in it. Understanding these messages requires systematic measurement of who is represented. Computer vision face detection tools can provide such measurements; however, state-of-the-art face detection models were trained with photographs, and 80\% of images in…

For centuries, language has been used by the dominant culture both as a means of constructing power and as a way of maintaining it. Race, language, gender, and sexuality can all contribute to reinforcing one's identity as an "other." In doing so the dominant culture can create and reinforce blame and the perpetuation of minority groups…

The way that people of different identities are portrayed in children's books can send subconscious messages about how positively or negatively children should think about people with those identities. These messages can then shape the next generation's perceptions and attitudes about people, which can have important implications for belief…

The manner in which gender is portrayed in materials used to teach children conveys messages about people's roles in society. In this paper, we measure the gendered depiction of central domains of social life in 100 years of highly influential children's books. We make two main contributions: (1) we find that the portrayal of gender in these books…

The synthetic control method (SCM) is a popular approach for estimating the impact of a treatment on a single unit with panel data. Two challenges arise with higher frequency data (e.g., monthly versus yearly): (1) achieving excellent pre-treatment fit is typically more challenging; and (2) overfitting to noise is more likely. Aggregating data…

There has been a long-standing issue of sparse discussion forums participation in online learning, which can impede students' help seeking practices. Researchers have examined AI techniques such as link prediction with network analysis to connect help seekers with help providers. However, little is known whether these AI systems will treat…

Adult female learners are constantly juggling roles amidst a chilly climate plagued by gendered stereotypes and their implications. Bronfenbrenner's interactive development model, encompassing the four components of process, person, context, and time, provides a baseline to understand how interactions between family, school, and work impact adult…

Reweighting a distribution to minimize a distance to a target distribution is a powerful and flexible strategy for estimating a wide range of causal effects, but can be challenging in practice because optimal weights typically depend on knowledge of the underlying data generating process. In this paper, we focus on design-based weights, which do…

Education is a powerful tool for bringing about desirable change in human lives, equipping them for a lifetime and contributing to general well-being and serving as a lasting means for meaningful employment. However, when such opportunities are given with qualified access, they foster inequity. Africa has been described as an epitome of diversity…

Predictive student models are increasingly used in learning environments due to their ability to enhance educational outcomes and support stakeholders in making informed decisions. However, predictive models can be biased and produce unfair outcomes, leading to potential discrimination against some students and possible harmful long-term…

As language technologies have become more sophisticated and prevalent, there have been increasing concerns about bias in natural language processing (NLP). Such work often focuses on the effects of bias instead of sources. In contrast, this paper discusses how normative language assumptions and ideologies influence a range of automated language…

This document records testimony from a hearing before the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education that was held to discuss strengthening connections with students experiencing homelessness and children in foster care. Member statements were presented by: (1) Honorable Gregorio Kilili Camacho Sablan, Chairman,…

Up to now, social construction is still held by patriarchal views that result in the emergence of male domination in all fields, including in elementary education. Although the government has tried to suppress this bias, some practices still make one gender appears inferior. This study aims to determine if there is gender bias in elementary school…

This paper qualitatively explores microaggressive intersectionalities that occur for employees in higher education using intersectionality and microaggressions as the theoretical framework. Critical discourse analysis reveals that microaggressions were simultaneously experienced along the lines of race, gender and role in the institution. Women…

For more than three decades, Morocco has been engaged in a major reform program in favour of gender equality. Several legal and institutional reforms have been adopted, and numerous policies to protect and promote women's rights in the socio-economic, political and educational spheres have been implemented. However, it turns out that unequal…