Adolescent substance abuse is determined by a complex of factors, and influences on it may vary as a function of developmental level. According to the social development model (Hawkins et al., 1986), family influences on substance abuse may be strongest in preschool and early school-age children; family and school influences may be equal during early and mid-school years, and peer influences dominate during adolescence. 4,160 6th through 12th grade students from rural Alabama school districts were studied to assess the relationship between a variety of risk factors and adolescent substance use. Questions on a self-report instrument asked about use of 14 substances, including alcohol, tobacco, and a variety of illicit drugs. Questions addressed separate risk factors subsumed under four domains: (1) family; (2) school; (3) community; and (4) individual and peer influences. Results were generally consistent with other reports of adolescent substance use. Alcohol, tobacco products, and marijuana were the most frequently reported substances used, cigarettes and beer being the most commonly used products. The individual domain produced the strongest correlations with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use, suggesting that factors such as associating with friends who use drugs were most highly related to substance use, followed by school, community, and family risk factors. (MSF)