Visual and auditory paired-associate learning tasks were presented to 125 fourth grade children (45 learning disabled, 39 border line learning disabled, and 41 nonlearning disabled). The visual task produced a greater number of correct responses than did the auditory task. There were no differences among groups on either task. Scores on the…

Ninety-nine preoperational stage children learned 24 pictorial paired-associates at one of three levels of concreteness: low detail line drawings, high detail line drawings, high detail line drawings with a verbal prompt. Within each of these groups, one-third of the subjects received either visual attentional training, no training, or were…

Research suggests that when subjects are given a rule as to how to translate auditory or verbal information into images, the images have many common characteristics with cognitive representations derived from visual perceptions. This experiment examined the process of cognitive integration and the similarities and differences between how imagined…