This paper reviews the promotion of literacy and the development of library services in the multinational, multilingual republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics since the October Revolution as a model for state or regionally centralized services that promote local arrangements while serving a single national purpose in multiethnic and…

The history of library science in Poland and a number of Polish research projects are reviewed in this paper. It is concluded that a considerable amount of research has been done on the history of libraries in Poland, but that this research is fragmented and separated by its focus on theory or methodology. The methodology of scientific research in…

As part of the Project of Further Development of the Czechoslovak Educational System, a program adopted in 1976, library education has been revised beginning in the secondary schools, extending through the university level, and providing continuing education opportunities for librarians, technicians, and researchers. Secondary school curriculums…