This paper reports the findings of research into an educational intervention featuring open-ended mathematical problems situated in "real life" contexts and associated pedagogies. "Money and financial mathematics" is the topic in focus, with tasks termed "financial dilemmas" being trialled by 35 teachers in 16…

There is substantial evidence that problems with family and other interpersonal relationships are often associated with financial stress. A counselor is likely to see clients whose financial difficulties are caused by, or associated with, one or more of four major types of problems: (1) lack of skills; (2) circumstances in the client's macro- or…

To examine Philadelphia's 1977 school budget crisis, a chronology of events--from receipt of the proposed budget to final court approval--is listed. Many parties were involved within the school district and in the community. Frequently, one or more parties blamed other parties for creating the problem. Directors of each of the five service…

The conscientious family counselor may find it an overwhelming task to properly assist families or individuals who are experiencing financial difficulties. Although the counselor must be aware of personal limitations and make appropriate referrals, the processes required for financial counseling are the same as those needed for the understanding…

This brief statement offers 10 questions for consideration by American Dental Association (ADA) officials and others concerned with the burdensome indebtedness graduates often incur for their dental education. Questions ask for assessments in such areas as school operating costs, tuition, school support, loan forgiveness, and how the ADA can help…

This paper addresses the need of institutions located within Africa, particularly institutions of higher education, to fulfill the task of generating and applying knowledge relevant to solving the economic, food, and health problems that plague the continent. The paper examines the nature of African universities and the historical context in which…

This is a report on help-seeking behavior among a diverse sample of 451 black adults residing in Richmond, Virginia. The report defines "help-seeking behavior" as any communication about a problem or troublesome event that is directed toward obtaining support, advice or assistance in times of distress. The use of two types of…

Pennsylvania State University's early response to declining resources and its current planning and budget process are described. Attention is also directed to the fiscal outcomes of the process over the past 5 years and several of the strategies devised to promote qualitative concerns and respond to variable growth-decline situations. From 1971 to…

This essay compares Germany's persistent financial disequilibrium with the balance of payments situation in the United States. Delivered at a Symposium on German Economic Growth and Stability, the author concentrates on Germany's balance of payments surplus and presents U.S. figures mainly as a point of comparison. The material on Germany has been…

The experiences of presidents of small colleges in their role as crisis manager are discussed. Attention is directed to: problems confronting the presidents of threatened colleges; presidential actions necessary for institutional renewal; the personal characteristics of the successful crisis manager/president; and how presidential behaviors…

The problems created by declining enrollments and fiscal stringencies have brought about a "new reality" for postsecondary institutions in Ontario and other Canadian provinces. The lean future that institutions face requires clear articulation and communication of institutional goals, retraining and reallocation of redundant academic…

Single- and double-loop organizational learning are discussed in the context of higher education retrenchment. A model of the research university illuminates impediments to internal resource reallocation, program elimination, and integrative leadership, and suggests the need for alternatives to usual efforts to increase efficiency while retaining…

The efforts to survive of Cazenovia College, a private, two-year, residential, woman's college in Cazenovia, New York, are described, based on interviews, observation, and analysis of written materials. The college announced its closing in 1974 and subsequently reopened successfully. The college was assessed in terms of its efficiency in internal…