Higher education has become more accessible than ever before, although students from some demographic groups still face challenges in attending college. To help improve access to higher education for minority and low-income students, Titles III and V of the Higher Education Act, as amended, provide grants to strengthen and support institutions…

A Language Fluency Project was set up to encourage eight culturally disadvantaged and mentally handicapped girls (11 to 13 years old) to verbalize more clearly and more fluently and to maintain a verbal interaction. The program consisted of having the group imagine that they were taking part in a television documentary program. Over a 20-week…

The authors describe the Special Needs In-Service Project to develop workshops to enhance the vocational and career options of special needs learners. Seven training areas are listed: program development and management skills; prevocational and vocational education materials for special needs training personnel, counselors, and paraprofessionals;…

In most debates about teaching, learning, and research, the spatial context of education is either taken for granted or ignored. But places can be viewed as more than empty frames for social action; they can be seen as both historically constituted by social processes and, in turn, constituting those social processes. This paper aims to restore a…

This guide is intended to assist vocational educators in developing a process and materials for communicating vocational education options to disadvantaged students and their parents. The first section outlines the provisions of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act regarding state responsibilities to provide vocational education services…

Educational research cited in this paper suggests that the involvement of low socioeconomic status (SES) parents in the educational process has a positive influence on their children's academic achievement. At the preschool level, programs in which parents were instructed in ways to promote their children's intellectual development were found to…

A systems approach is applied to the assessment of the Model 4 project (administered by Mountain-Plains Education and Economic Development Program, Inc.), a residential career education program for rural, multiproblem families in the States of Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. The program involves three phases of…

The inequality of opportunity that sometimes results from educational reform may not be an artifact or an aberration but may be the intended result of most programs. Although the ostensible goal of most educational reform is equal opportunity, very few programs achieve this goal. It is possible that the real goal of educational reform is continued…

This paper describes a study that addressed problems related to the disparity in achievement between disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged students. The first part of the study consisted of an analysis of three early intervention programs: the Responsive Early Childhood Education Program, the Reading Recovery program, and the Success for All program.…

A National Institute of Education-sponsored, congressionally mandated project studied impact of the 1976 Education Amendments on services to special needs populations. It was concluded that states were making considerable progress in serving needs of the handicapped, disadvantaged, and limited English-proficient. Room for improvement was found in…

The papers presented at this conference review current research on effective educational practices for low-achieving students and identify those that might be applied to programs funded under Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981. This report is a reaction to three papers which were presented at the final session of…

The history of schooling is a mix of constancy and change in policies, organizational structures, school practices, and classroom pedagogy. Over the last century and a half, well-intentioned and serious reformers, using Federal, state, and local policies, tirelessly and repeatedly tried to improve schooling. Classroom and school practices such as…

Comprehensive vocational assessment needs to become an integral part of vocational programming in secondary and postsecondary schools, since it is crucial in developing appropriate individualized education plans for students with special needs. A prime focus for vocational assessment should be entrance into vocational education courses. It should…

It has been estimated that about 10 percent of the total United States population, some 23 million American adults, are functionally illiterate. About 100,000 of these persons live in the Milwaukee area and could be assisted by extension programs such as those conducted by Milwaukee Area Technical College. One of the major reasons for the…

The recommendations are a product of the 19th General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization held in Nairobi, Kenya in 1976. They are intended to help member states give effect to the stated principles. In abbreviated form, a few recommendations from the ten sections are (1) adult education must be seen…