In the process of school self-evaluation (SSE), teachers are often asked to provide information on the school's functioning by completing questionnaires. However, respondents can leave one item or a series of items unanswered, after which they continue completing the questionnaire. This phenomenon of item nonresponse is not necessarily problematic…

Although it has long been acknowledged that interviewers play a crucial role in the survey data collection process, there is little research concerning interviewer effects on how respondents perceive the interview. We investigate whether interviewer effects exist regarding how much respondents report having enjoyed the interview and whether these…

Peer feedback can be an effective learning aid. However, providing peer feedback so that it is used by the receiver, is very difficult. Adding feedback requests to the peer feedback process may improve the quality of peer feedback. However, little is known about how feedback requests affect peer feedback responses. In this study, fifty-four…

Although some literature addresses response in the context of thesis projects, the student perspective remains notably absent from response scholarship. This article brings the students' perspectives into focus by presenting a collaborative account from two thesis students and their advisor. The study explores the advisor-student relationship and…

A general framework of latent trait item response models for continuous responses is given. In contrast to classical test theory (CTT) models, which traditionally distinguish between true scores and error scores, the responses are clearly linked to latent traits. It is shown that CTT models can be derived as special cases, but the model class is…

Informed by the analytical framework of academic emotions (Pekrun, R., and L. Linnenbrink-Garcia. 2012. "Academic Emotions and Student Engagement." In "The Handbook of Research on Student Engagement," edited by S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, and C. Wylie, 259-282. New York: Springer) and a cognitive approach to feedback,…

Our self-concept is constantly faced with self-relevant information. Prevailing research suggests that information's valence plays a central role in shaping our self-views. However, the need for stability within the self-concept structure and the inherent alignment of positive feedback with the pre-existing self-views of healthy individuals might…

Web surveys are popular in social sciences for reaching a large audience at a low cost and in a short period. However, response rates and nonresponse bias are still issues of concern. Using a factorial randomized control trial design, this study explores whether different communication emails affect response rates, representativeness, and response…

Careless responding is a pervasive concern in research using affective surveys. Although researchers have considered various methods for identifying careless responses, studies are limited that consider the utility of these methods in the context of computer adaptive testing (CAT) for affective scales. Using a simulation study informed by recent…

Evidence for implicit aversive learning effects has been criticized for its lack of experimental rigor and statistical reliability. Here we examine whether attentional emotional responses to aversive conditioned stimuli can occur in the absence of stimulus-outcome contingency awareness, and use a novel Bayesian tool to reliably perform a post hoc…

The study explores emotional configurations that emerge from educators' responses to children's grieving in flexibly scheduled early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finland. We analysed observational data of children who were under three years old and their educators, focusing on the interrelationships between the children's grief, the…

Response styles pose great threats to psychological measurements. This research compares IRTree models and anchoring vignettes in addressing response styles and estimating the target traits. It also explores the potential of combining them at the item level and total-score level (ratios of extreme and middle responses to vignettes). Four models…

Understanding the cognitive processes, skills and strategies that examinees use in testing is important for construct validity and score interpretability. Although response processes evidence has long been included as an important aspect of validity (i.e., "Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests," 1999), relevant studies are…

The purpose of this study is to investigate if feedback related negativity (FRN) can capture instantaneous elevated emotional reactivity in autistic adolescents. A measurement of elevated reactivity could allow clinicians to better support autistic individuals without the need for self-reporting or verbal conveyance. The study investigated…

Low test-taking effort of examinees has been considered a source of construct-irrelevant variance in item response modeling, leading to serious consequences on parameter estimation. This study aims to investigate how non-effortful response (NER) influences the estimation of item and person parameters in item-pool scale linking (IPSL) and whether…