Almost all of what people learn from outdoor educational settings such as zoos and gardens stems from the exhibits themselves or signs about the exhibits. Evaluation of the various forms of visual communication in outdoor educational settings is necessary to determine the effectiveness of exhibitions, educational activities, and/or conservation…

Noting that both the structural characteristics of television and the characteristics of the viewer may influence comprehension of television news, a study tested the hypothesis that the synchronous presentation of television news will maximize learning for viewers with low prior knowledge of program content. Synchronous and nonsynchronous…

A study investigated the results of previous studies on the effectiveness of pictorial instruction, specifically examining whether the use of black-and-white pictorial instruction as a supplement to verbal instruction is more effective than the use of verbal instruction alone. Thirty-four studies on pictorial instruction that varied widely but…

A study examined the effect that the quality and clarity of the photographic image used in advertising have on the recall of photographic content. It was hypothesized that there will be no significant difference between response rates of high and low signal noise ratio (S/N) photographs, and also that there will be no significant difference…

Studies investigating the functioning of persons who have cerebral lesions and evidence from the study of commisurotomized and normal subjects are reviewed. A study of recognition of pictorial stimuli by right-handed male children is also discussed. Studies about cerebral lesions and associated deficits have yielded information about the…

Reports on an investigation into characterizing the guided design instructional method in engineering education using Jungian typology to evaluate specific teaching-learning interactions. Proposes that the guided design method offers a well-balanced learning process which accommodates different learning styles and teaches decision making. (TW)

Visualized braille was presented on closed circuit television (CCTV) to six blind tactile braille reading subjects (ages 12-50). Results supported cross-modal transfer of learning from tactile to visual modality. After intensive visual training, these subjects could discriminate visual forms and read ordinary print using the CCTV. (Author/BS)

Experimenter presence (representing external control) or absence during task presentation were the two conditions under which attentional performance of 16 hyperactive and 16 control subjects (ages 7-12) was assessed. Results suggested noncompliance (an application deficit rather than an ability deficit) as a major contributor to poor performance…

Hypothesizes that exploring the mathematical ideas behind mathematical terms enables children to gain insight into the structure of a number system and provides a basis for powerful playing with this structure. Describes visualizing mathematical ideas for exploring aspects of mathematics. Offers rectangular numbers to link and explore structures…

This study, involving 20 normally developing 4-year olds, found no visual sequential recall differences between direct selection and scanning in task performance. However, subjects correctly recalled fewer sequential symbols represented by Blissymbols than by Picsyms, and recalled significantly fewer three-symbol sequences than two-symbol…

This study investigates children's spatial cognition in the microcomputer environment created by "HyperGami." Two categories of spatial cognition have been described: spatial visualization, which involves mentally rotating, manipulating and twisting two- and three-dimensional objects; and spatial orientation, which involves the ability…

This study was intended to ascertain the effectiveness of videotape recordings on the achievement of ninth grade students in citizenship classes versus achievement of students where that medium was not used. Subjects for the quasi-experimental study were 183 ninth grade students in selected high school citizenship classes in a large suburban…

A project on videodisc technology sponsored by the Illinois State Board of Education has captured classroom teachers teaching in their own classrooms to their own students. By digitizing this video instruction onto videodiscs preservice teachers and instructors have a visual learning tool that provides instant access to a variety of pedagogical…

An exploratory study developed ways to describe systematically a particular graphic organizer, the frame. For the study, 27 middle-grade teachers each constructed 2 frames on sections of fourth-grade science and social studies texts. Teachers also worked collaboratively in pairs and larger groups to produce frames. Collaborative sessions were…

A study tested the effects of between-channel redundancy on television news learning. Redundancy, defined as shared information, was proposed as an explanatory variable that considers the relationship between information in three channels: the audio, the nonverbal pictorial, and visual-verbal print channel. It was hypothesized that pictures would…