Visual analysis is the primary methodology used to determine treatment effects from graphed single-case design data. Previous studies have demonstrated mixed findings related to interrater agreement between both expert and novice visual analysts, which represents a critical limitation of visual analysis and supports calls for also presenting…

We examine the meanings students give to points when they are graphing relationships between quantities in dynamic, experiential contexts. Using data from teaching experiments with middle-grades students, we illustrate two main categories of meanings: iconic and quantitative. We then introduce four distinct subcategories of meanings: (a) iconic…

In the era of the "reproducibility crisis" and the "P-value controversy" new ways of presentation and interpretation of the results of a meta-analysis are desirable. One suggestion that has been made for single studies almost six decades ago and taken up now and then is the P-value function. For a given outcome, this function…

Learning curves are an important tool in cognitive diagnostics modeling to help assess how well students acquire new skills, and to refine and improve knowledge component models. Learning curves are typically obtained from a model estimated on real data obtained from a finite, and usually limited, sample of students. As a consequence, there is…

In this paper, we propose a method to analyse the coherence of existing curricula at higher education institution. We focus our attention to engineering programmes at universities but the proposed method is by no means restricted to those cases. In contrast to other known methods, our approach is quantitative, decentralised, and asynchronous and…

A quantitative approach to social network analysis involves the application of mathematical and statistical techniques and graphical presentation of results. Nonetheless--as with all sciences--subjectivity is an integral aspect of network analysis, manifested in the selection of measures to describe connection patterns and actors' positions (e.g.,…

The purpose of this article was two-fold (1) provide an overview of the commonly reported and under-reported absolute agreement indices in the kinesiology literature for continuous data; and (2) present examples of these indices for hypothetical data along with recommendations for future use. It is recommended that three types of information be…

In order to study the manifestation of data sense and identify ways of thinking about variability in authentically realistic problems in a group of Chilean fifth-grade students, a lesson plan was designed and implemented, within the framework of statistical literacy and using the "lesson study" modality, in which students were urged to…

Although visual analysis has been the primary method of analysis in single-case designs (SCD), numerous statistical analyses have been developed to quantify SCD intervention effects and enable SCDs to be included in evidence-based practice reviews. This study investigated the correspondence between expert visual analysis and three effect sizes for…

Educational environments continue to evolve rapidly to address the needs of diverse, growing student populations while embracing advances in pedagogy and technology. In this changing landscape, ensuring consistency among the assessments for different offerings of a course (within or across terms), providing meaningful feedback about student…

Purpose: Previous research focused on graphical skills of the students, which remains a gap that exists, and there has not been comprehensive research on students' graphical literacy abilities. The present study aims to picture graphical literacy levels of the 8th grade students concerning the "reading," "interpreting,"…

In this design experiment study, we investigated the problem: What conditions might foster students' discernment of a critical aspect--variation in unidirectional change (e.g., discerning a "decreasing" increase)? At a public middle school in a large US city, we led a sequence of three days of whole class lessons, followed by task-based,…

Research based on single-case designs (SCD) are frequently utilized in educational settings to evaluate the effect of an intervention on student behavior. Visual analysis is the primary method of evaluation of SCD, despite research noting concerns regarding reliability of the procedure. Recent research suggests that characteristics of the graphic…

Graphics are often mistaken for a mere frill in the methodological arsenal of data analysis when in fact they can be one of the simplest and at the same time most powerful methods of communicating statistical information (Tufte, 2001). The first section of the article argues for the statistical necessity of graphs, echoing and amplifying similar…

Humans possess a remarkable ability to recognise both simple patterns such as shapes and handwriting and very complex patterns such as faces and landscapes. To investigate one small aspect of human pattern recognition, in this study participants position lines of "best fit" to two-dimensional scatter plots of data. The study investigates…