Studied keyboard activities and discussions of 60 children working in pairs or 21 children working as individuals on a computer-based language problem-solving task. Boy-girl pairs showed lower levels of verbal interaction and less keyboard cooperation, but few differences in task performance in comparison with single gender pairs. Children working…

This study investigated gender differences in preschoolers' problem solving. Ten boys and 10 girls from the same preschool class with a median age of 4 years 1 month from multicultural middle class families participated. Children were presented with a separate novel form board puzzle designed for young children each day for 3 days in a…

Seeks to broaden definitions of politics and political education by focusing on gender. Suggests that political education should be a process of demystification, teaching that power can be challenged and problem-solving techniques can be used to inject skills and new styles of seeking political alternatives. (JOW)

This study of 150 males and 121 females approximately 16 1/2 years of age explored relations among developmental levels and styles of interpersonal negotiation strategies (INS) and competence in social problem-solving skills. Also assessed relations among levels and styles of INS and self-reported engagement in problem behaviors. (RH)

A cross-sectional study of educated men and women showed that cautiousness, as measured by perceived problem-solving ability, does not increase with age. Sex differences were nonsignificant. The results are discussed in terms of R. Schultz and J. Heckhausen's Life Span Model of Successful Aging. (Contains 28 references and 1 table.) (Author)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternative forms of young children's help-seeking in free play and problem-solving contexts. A total of 72 children aged 18 (N=36) and 24 (N=36) months were observed in pairs in free play and problem-solving settings, as well as in different social contexts--same-age versus mixed-age pairing. Both…

Reports on a study to determine the decision-making processes and styles used by consumer education students when confronted with a consumer credit problem. Tests were administered to 27 secondary students. Findings revealed that gender determines to a great extent the process and style used. (Author/CH)

Two studies investigated two groups of young children at the ages of four and eight years, respectively. Subjects were required to solve a simple problem task by performing a response opposite to that demonstrated by an adult. Girls' performance was significantly worse than boys', regardless of the sex of the model. (Author/CI)

The frequency and distribution of social problem-solving strategies, goals, targets, and outcomes were coded during preschoolers' free play. Flexibility and persistence in problem-solving sequences were examined, and the relative importance of strategies, goals, targets, and the identity of the problem solver in predicting social problem-solving…

The effects of trust (defined as belief that the other negotiator is cooperatively motivated), aspirations, and gender were investigated in a study of the conditions and processes leading to outcomes that jointly benefit both parties. Subjects were college students. (Author/MP)

Studied development of procedural knowledge in 14 adults, aged 18 to 35 years, engaged in a novel task using a toy tractor-trailer rig. Results revealed three phases of development in subjects' knowledge of steering procedures and the rig's movement patterns, and their use of feedback information. Subjects also manifested different levels of…

Examined how male (n=44) and female (n=35) farmers reacted to stressors of farm crisis. Depressive symptomatology for men was correlated with lack of confidence in problem-solving ability and emotion-focused coping, whereas women's stress and depressive symptoms were most strongly correlated with lack of vocational identity and perception of…

A study of 16 boys and 16 girls aged 10-11 investigated gender stereotyped, gender neutral, and abstract versions of problem-solving software. Found that boys preferred the male stereotyped version, whereas girls showed no significant preference for the male, female, or neutral versions. Findings are consistent with research on gender stereotyping…

Considers the circumstances surrounding instances where help is sought and/or provided in a collaborative problem-solving situation. Analyzed videotaped observations of nine groups of three grade 5-6 students working over three 45-minute periods on an open-ended task. Defines hierarchical levels for questions, answers, and outcomes. Indicates some…