The introduction of cash cropping in the Solomon Islands and Tonga has had negative effects on women, leading to deterioration in their status, decreased leisure time, fewer opportunities to earn cash, increased birth rate (to help with the increased workload), and more sharply defined sex roles. (SV)

The study concerns the impact of nonfarm employment opportunities on the hired farm labor force and is based on surveys of labor on farms near one new, one expanded, and one old-established town in eastern England, supplemented with findings of other British studies on mobility of farm workers. The main questions considered are the influence of…

Trends in employment in West Germany evolved from analysis of a rural youth survey based on interviews from 1955, 1968, and 1980. Persons surveyed were from 17 to 28 years of age and lived in settlements of 5,000 inhabitants or less. During the time period (1955-1980), the youth employment rate decreased from 74% to 67%. Agricultural jobs…

Members of the farm related population generally lag behind their nonfarm related counterparts in the number of school years completed, number of persons completing high school and college, functional literacy rates, participants in adult education, and labor force status. In 1975 White farm males trailed metro and nonmetro nonfarm males by 1.2…

An attempt to integrate socioeconomic development with literacy through nonformal education programs in Kerala, India, involved illiterate and semi-literate adults (1050 men, 450 women) in two pilot literacy projects organized by the Sanghom (library organization), Mitraniketan, and state government. Two literacy primers were developed, using an…