When multiple raters score a writing sample, on occasion they will award discrepant scores. To report a single score to the examinee, some method of resolving those differences must be applied to the ratings before an operational score can be reported. Several forms of resolving score discrepancies have been described in the literature. Initial…

Presents a methodology, known as microcosting, for identifying the unit costs of providing specific library services. It is applied for illustrative purposes to the determination of the unit costs of tracking overdue materials at a major university library; a task flowchart, mathematical formula, and data tables are included. (Author/JD)