The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between aspects of tutor and the students' basic writing outcomes of the Elementary School Teacher Education at the Distance Learning Program Unit, Open University of Palu. This is ex post facto correlation with the population research of 387 people and the total sample of 100 people. This…

Problem statement: Although there is agreement on the potential of project based learning (PBL) and virtual manipulatives (VMs), their positive impact depends on how they are used. This study was based on supporting the use of online PBL environments and improving the efficacy of the instructional practices in PBL by combining the potentials of…

A more general method for calculating the Kappa measure of nominal rating agreement among multiple raters is presented. It can be used across a broad range of rating designs, including those in which raters vary with respect to their base rates and how many subjects they rate in common. (Author/BW)

The G index is a measure of the similarity between individuals over dichotomous items. Some tests for the G-index are described. For each case an example is included. (Author/GK)

This study compared two approximations for normalizing noncentral F distributions: one based on the square root of the chi-square distribution (SRA), the other derived from a cube root of the chi-square distribution (CRA). The CRA was superior, and generally provided an excellent approximation for noncentral F. (Author/BW)

This paper reviews the distinctions between classical and partial eta square and derives a formula for use in those complex analysis of variance designs in which the investigator desires a measure of classical eta square and has access only to the F-tests and relevant degrees of freedom. (Author/BW)

Eight asymptotically robust tests of population correlation coefficient equality are proposed and are studied along with two parametric tests. Monte Carlo simulation is used to compare the small sample performance of these ten procedures. The sampled distributions consist of the normal distribution, two mixed normal distributions and four…

Power analysis is in essence a technique for estimating the probability of obtaining a specific minimum observed effect size. Power analysis techniques are applied to research planning problems in test reliability studies. A table for use in research planning and hypothesis testing is presented. (Author)

The Welch-James procedure may be used to test hypothesis on means, when independent samples from populations with heterogenous variances are available. Summation formulas for the Welch-James procedure are presented for the 2x2 design. Matrix formulas that permit routine application of the procedure to crossed factorial designs are presented.…

This paper explains how to combine probabilities from discrete distributions, such as probability distributions for nonparametric tests. (Author/BW)

Practical formulas for several analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs and models are presented which make it possible for readers to compute strength of association measures without the use of complete ANOVA tables. (Author/PN)

In two treatment-repeated measurements designs, the ratio between the unbiased variance of the differences and twice the variance of the errors of measurement can be used to test for interaction of subjects and treatments. The use of this statistic is illustrated. (Author/CP)

A general procedure is presented for generating code values for a qualitative variable in multiple linear regression analyses that result in directly interpretable estimates of interest. The basic approach, in viewing ANOVA as a multiple regression problem, is to derive quantitative code values for the various levels of the qualitative ANOVA…

Eight different methods are reviewed for determining whether two or more tests are equivalent measures. These methods vary in restrictiveness from the Wilks-Votaw test of compound symmetry (which requires that all means, variances, and covariances are equal), to Joreskog's theory of congeneric tests (which requires only that the tests are measures…

This report provides the statistical tools necessary to measure the extent of error that exists in organizational record data and group survey data. It is felt that traditional methods of measuring error are inappropriate or incomplete when applied to organizational groups, especially in studies of organizational change when the same variables are…