The purposes of this study were to: 1) create and develop effective doctoral learning module on leading teachers development program to enhance critical thinking for students in secondary schools under the Office of Basic Education Commission, and 2) evaluate the developed module on its efficiency and effectiveness- its congruence of utility,…

Taking the establishment of structured doctoral programmes in Germany as an example, this paper focuses on how knowledge production in certain academic fields reshapes their doctoral education in a widely changing policy context. Based on case studies of eight graduate schools in three research fields, namely economics, life sciences, and…