The question examined extensively in this document is why socioeconomic status and race are related to academic achievement. While most explanations look to the cognitive or cultural deficiencies of lower class and minority students, this volume considers an alternative explanation. Prevailing definitions of academic achievement undoubtedly…

In the report of the Commissioner of Education for the year 1914 is the statement that so far as the-number of secondary schools is concerned the great majority are undoubtedly continuing traditional activities without consideration of the needs the pupils or the results actually obtained. This same assertion can be made today of many…