A family of models for the representation and assessment of individual differences for multivariate data called PINDIS (Procrustean Individual Differences Scaling) is presented. PINDIS sheds new light on the interpretability and applicability of a variety of multidimensional scaling models. (Author/JKS)

A single-step maximum likelihood estimation procedure is developed for multidimensional scaling of dissimilarity data measured on rating scales. The procedure can fit the euclidian distance model to the data under various assumptions about category widths and under two distributional assumptions. Practical uses of the method are demonstrated.…

A Monte Carlo study investigated the ability of the ALSCAL multidimensional scaling program to recover true structure inherent in simulated proximity measures when data were missing. The program worked well with up to 60 percent missing data as long as sample size was large and random error was low. (Author/JKS)

Two revisions of computer-interactive multidimensional scaling data selection procedures are presented. One revision--based on randomly ordering the list of stimuli--improves the estimates of the multidimensional scaling parameters and the other permits more efficient data designs. (Author/JKS)

A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was developed to fit weighted and unweighted additive models of conjoint data obtained by categorical rating, paired comparisons or directional ranking methods. Practical uses of the procedure are presented to demonstrate various advantages of the procedure as a statistical method. (Author/JKS)

Some aspects of the small sample behavior of maximum likelihood estimates in multidimensional scaling are investigated with Monte Carlo techniques. In particular, the chi square test for dimensionality is examined and a correction for bias is proposed and evaluated. (Author/JKS)

A three-way multidimensional scaling model is presented as a method for identifying classroom cliques, by simultaneous analysis of three variables (for example, chooser/choosen/criteria). Two scaling models--Carroll and Chang's INDSCAL and Lingoes' PINDIS--are presented and applied to two sets of empirical data. (CP)