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Johnson, Mark William; Rodriguez-Arciniegas, Svetlana; Kataeva, Anna Nikolaevna – Interactive Learning Environments, 2023
The way in which informal learning in a Personal Learning Environment (PLE) is coordinated is poorly understood. Conversation -- with teachers, friends or family -- contributes to the processes involved in meaningfully negotiating resources. While institution-centric education creates contexts for conversations and codifies educational attainment,…
Descriptors: Informal Education, Independent Study, Concept Formation, Cybernetics
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Tsai, Min-hsiu – Action in Teacher Education, 2012
This study investigates the consistency between human raters and an automated essay scoring system in grading high school students' English compositions. A total of 923 essays from 23 classes of 12 senior high schools in Taiwan (Republic of China) were obtained and scored manually and electronically. The results show that the consistency between…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, High School Students, Writing (Composition), Essays