In various fields, including college admission, medical board certifications, and military recruitment, high-stakes decisions are frequently made based on scores obtained from large-scale assessments. These decisions necessitate precise and reliable scores that enable valid inferences to be drawn about test-takers. However, the ability of such…

While there has been growing evidence that autonomy-supportive parenting is associated with the ability of Western adolescents to thrive, it is less clear this relationship exists in other cultural contexts. This study primarily explored the relationship between parental autonomy support (PAS) and Chinese adolescents' digital citizenship behavior…

One of the most challenging tasks in the field of Educational Data Mining (EDM) is to cluster students directly based on system-student sequential moment-to-moment interactive trajectories. The objective of this study is to build a general temporal clustering framework that captures the distinct characteristics of students' sequential behaviors…

School consultants who rely on direct observation typically conduct observational samples (e.g., 1 30-min observation per day) with the hopes that the sample is representative of performance during the remainder of the day, but the representativeness of these samples is unclear. In the current study, we recorded the problem behavior of 3 referred…

In three experiments, four chimpanzees made choices between two visible food options to assess the validity of the "selective value effect" (the assignment of value to only the most preferred type of food presented in a comparison). In Experiment 1, we established that all chimpanzees preferred single banana pieces to single apple pieces before…

To determine by classical time-estimation procedures if Type A persons estimate the passage of time differently than Type B persons, undergraduate male students, classified by the Jenkins Activity Survey, were asked to estimate several time periods. Responses to verbal, production, and reproduced time-estimation tasks were not significantly…

Observers can decide what kind of relationship exists between two people by identifying cues provided by the pattern of benefits given and received in relationships and the type of relationship, either communal or exchange. Communal relationships, i.e., friendships or romances, are characterized by feelings of responsibility for each other's…

Samples (N=2) of older and samples (N=2) of younger adult respondents, surveyed in 1972 and in 1978 with regard to permissiveness toward specific sexual behaviors, revealed considerable, but not complete, attitudinal similarity between men and women in all groups and increased permissiveness toward nonmarital sexual behaviors among older adults.…

The results indicated that those subjects who possessed the coronary-prone behavior pattern (Type As) arrived earlier than those subjects who did not exhibit this behavior pattern (Type Bs). (Author)

Conducted two studies to test the notion that various factors, i.e., situation-personal, may differentially affect degrees of entrapment (amount invested) depending upon the point in time at which they are introduced. The results of both studies suggest amount invested depends upon timing in the entrapment process. (RC)

Analyzed temporal variables (counselor talk, caller talk, and silence) in a sample of taped calls to a suicide prevention and crisis service. In comparing three outcome groups (showing, not showing, or canceling subsequent appointment for face-to-face counseling), no-show calls had more silence than the other two groups. (Author)

Two experiments examine the effects of positive (happy), neutral, and negative (sad) affective states on children's mastery of a learning problem. Subjects were 96 four-year-old children. (MP)

The role of environmental stimuli in the control of cigarette smoking has been the object of theoretical speculation, but there have been few experimental demonstrations of the control exerted over smoking by environmental events. Self-report data on smoking in the natural environment were compared to observations made of smoking among subjects…

Examines whether vocal exchanges between preverbal infants and their mothers show characteristics similar to those found to be typical of conversational exchanges between competent adult speakers. (HOD)

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) has been studied extensively at all levels of analysis, yet its function remains unclear. Theory regarding the cognitive function of the MTL has centered along 3 themes. Different authors have emphasized the role of the MTL in episodic recall, spatial navigation, or relational memory. Starting with the temporal…