This study used the verbal protocol method to examine differences in perceptions of spatial mental imagery between students and studio lecturers and between clients and designers/architects, which lead to interpretational bias between groups of respondents regarding interior spaces. Individual perceptions of virtual space dimensions were captured…

Visual imagery and mental reconstruction of scenes are considered core components of episodic memory retrieval. Individuals with absent visual imagery (aphantasia) score lower on tests of autobiographical memory, suggesting that aphantasia may be associated with differences in episodic and associative processing. In this online study, we tested…

Two groups of retarded adolescents were presented sets of multiple verbal directions (imperative sentences). One group was exposed to pictures illustrating the objects and action of each direction in addition to the verbal directions. Subjects were required to carry out performances demanded by the directions. The direction-following behavior of…

The ability to remember visual stimuli over a short delay period is limited by the small capacity of visual working memory (VWM). Here the authors investigate the role of learning in enhancing VWM. Participants saw 2 spatial arrays separated by a 1-s interval. The 2 arrays were identical except for 1 location. Participants had to detect the…

Specific comparisons for a categorized set of items indicated that recall of detailed drawings and outlines was superior to recall of words. For an uncategorized set, outlines were recalled significantly better than pictures and both were recalled better than words. (Author/PN)

In 1975, Richard Atkinson's keyword method was formally introduced. He described the method in the context of foreign language learning. However, it has been extended to the learning of other curricular content as well, such as cities, states, individuals and their accomplishments. In the present study, eighth-grade students were presented…

A model was developed to account for similarities and differences between picture and word processing in a variety of semantic and episodic memory tasks. The model contains three levels of processing: low-level processing of the physical characteristics of externally presented pictures and words; an intermediate level where the low-level processor…

An integrated learning strategy program emphasizing a connection technique employing questions and answers was developed and tested. Components were derived from a review of educational and psychological literature and from an analysis of responses to a learning-strategy inventory. Visual imagery and paraphrasing connection also were evaluated.…