The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbots has created opportunities and challenges for higher education. Extant scholarship has explored GenAI's capabilities and topics involving teachers' and students' perceptions of these tools. However, there is limited research exploring (1) whether second language (L2) learners…

An increasing number of language testing companies are developing and deploying deep learning-based automated essay scoring systems (AES) to replace traditional approaches that rely on handcrafted feature extraction. However, there is hesitation to accept neural network approaches to automated essay scoring because the features are automatically…

As educational technology advances, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing language education becomes increasingly prominent. However, there is a scarcity of empirical research assessing how AI integration influences student engagement and contributes to the language learning performance. This mixed-methods study seeks to fill the…

This study investigates the effectiveness of teacher, AI-generated, and hybrid teacher-AI feedback on university students' English writing performance in Hong Kong. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research examines the impact of different feedback types on student motivation, feedback quality, and essay revisions. A total of 1,267 students…

Recent investigations in automated essay scoring research imply that hybrid models, which combine feature engineering and the powerful tools of deep neural networks (DNNs), reach state-of-the-art performance. However, most of these findings are from holistic scoring tasks. In the present study, we use a total of four prompts from two different…

Artificial intelligence-mediated informal digital learning of English (AI-IDLE) might strengthen second language (L2) learners' motivational self-concept (e.g., the ideal L2 self) and enhance their foreign language enjoyment (FLE) by enabling them to build confidence, engagement, and willingness to practice their English skills in a self-directed,…

Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT) have shown promise as More Knowledgeable Others(MKO) for English Language Learners (ELLs) by providing on-demand, contextualized feedback within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). In this study, a web app collected spoken responses from 680 adult ELLs, automatically transcribed them and sent them to…

ChatGPT can promptly reformulate a text and improve its quality in content and form while preserving the original meaning. Yet, little is known about how learners respond to such reformulations. Here, we employed a three-stage writing task (composing-comparison-rewriting) to investigate how learners notice, integrate, and perceive ChatGPT's…

The use of AI-powered chatbots has recently been extensively examined for second language (L2) learning. While their positive effects have been widely reported regarding L2 English learning, studies involving less commonly taught languages (LCTLs) are scant. The current study incorporated an AI chatbot called Iruda in L2 Korean teaching, to…

As artificial intelligence (AI) gains prominence, its integration into second language (L2)/foreign language (FL) instruction has become a significant trend. Despite the considerable promise of AI for L2/FL learning, more research is still needed on its effects on student academic engagement in literature classes and the corresponding emotional…

Cognitive and affective factors play crucial roles in shaping learners' attitudes towards generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). However, the synergistic influence of language attitude and emotions, including foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) on struggling EFL learners' GenAI attitudes remains…

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a high-stakes exam where Writing Task 2 significantly influences the overall scores, requiring reliable evaluation. While trained human raters perform this task, concerns about subjectivity and inconsistency have led to growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI)-based assessment…

This study investigates ChatGPT's efficacy in fostering autonomous ESP writing development across different proficiency levels, while systematically evaluating its strengths and limitations in enhancing specific writing competencies. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was employed with a purposively sampled cohort of 176 Saudi university…

Firstly, this paper analyzes the role of AI in the reading management of English language and literature, establishes the implicit knowledge base of neural network, designs the auxiliary reading system for learning English language and literature, and optimizes the English language and literature management model of AI. The experimental results…

Motivated by the proliferation of artificial intelligence that has the potential to promote self-access learning, this study utilizes a sequential explanatory quasi-experimental mixed methods design to investigate the efficacy of Google Assistant (GA) in facilitating second language (L2) vocabulary learning compared to online dictionaries. A…