Background: With the development of computational literacy, there has been a surge in both research and practice application of text-based and block-based modalities within the field of computer programming education. Despite this trend, little work has actually examined how learners engaging in programming process when utilizing these two major…

Background: Providing students with worked out problem solutions is a beneficial instructional technique in STEM disciplines, and studying examples that have been worked out incorrectly may be especially helpful for reducing misconceptions in students with low prior content knowledge. However, past results are inconclusive and the effects of…

Background: Primary school is key to developing writing skills. However, students may face challenges in identifying and revising articles due to weak language skills, organisational thinking, comprehension, and analytical skills. Therefore, improving the writing skills of primary school students with writing difficulties has become important.…

While response time and accuracy indicate overall performance, their value in uncovering cognitive processes, underlying learning, is limited. A promising online measure, designed to track decision-making, is computer mouse tracking, where mouse attraction towards different locations may reflect the consideration of alternative response options.…

Describes study of 9- to 11-year-olds conducted in Great Britain that was designed to analyze the means by which elementary school children familiarized themselves with a large database. Types of error and frequency of occurrence are examined, query formulation is discussed, and the importance of keyboard skills is addressed. (nine references)…