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Direct linkJudith Kalinowski; Laura Hansel; Michaela Vystrcilová; Alexander Ecker; Nivedita Mani – Cognitive Science, 2025
While much work has emphasized the role of the environment in language learning, research equally reports consistent effects of the child's knowledge, in particular, the words known to individual children, in steering further lexical development. Much of this work is based on cross-sectional data, assuming that the words typically known to…
Descriptors: Child Development, Child Language, Lexicology, Vocabulary Development
Christopher Cox; Riccardo Fusaroli; Yngwie A. Nielsen; Sunghye Cho; Roberta Rocca; Arndis Simonsen; Azia Knox; Meg Lyons; Mark Liberman; Christopher Cieri; Sarah Schillinger; Amanda L. Lee; Aili Hauptmann; Kimberly Tena; Christopher Chatham; Judith S. Miller; Juhi Pandey; Alison S. Russell; Robert T. Schultz; Julia Parish-Morris – Cognitive Science, 2025
Engaging in fluent conversation is a surprisingly complex task that requires interlocutors to promptly respond to each other in a way that is appropriate to the social context. In this study, we disentangled different dimensions of turn-taking by investigating how the dynamics of child-adult interactions changed according to the activity…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children, Preadolescents, Interpersonal Communication
Violette Bigot; John Trueswell; Alex de Carvalho – Cognitive Science, 2025
Five-to-six-year-olds' abilities to detect and solve ambiguities in spoken language have been found to be a predictor of their later reading abilities in first-to-third grade. However, the origins of this relationship remain unclear. Success in ambiguity detection may be reflective of overall language attainment, which varies with socioeconomic…
Descriptors: Ambiguity (Semantics), French, Cognitive Ability, Preschool Children
Henne, Paul; O'Neill, Kevin – Cognitive Science, 2022
Mike accidentally knocked against a bottle. Seeing that the bottle was about to fall, Jack was just about to catch it when Peter accidentally knocked against him, making Jack unable to catch it. Jack did not grab the bottle, and it fell to the ground and spilled. In double-prevention cases like these, philosophers and nonphilosophers alike tend to…
Descriptors: Evaluative Thinking, Prevention, Logical Thinking, Individual Differences
Laura Galeano; Gustaf Gredebäck – Cognitive Science, 2024
We investigated the relations between self-reported math anxiety, task difficulty, and pupil dilation in adults and very young children during math tasks of varying difficulty levels. While task difficulty significantly influenced pupillary responses in both groups, the association between self-reported math anxiety and pupil dilation differed…
Descriptors: Mathematics Anxiety, Difficulty Level, Task Analysis, Eye Movements
Yuki Shimizu; Motohiro Kozawa; Keiichi Watanuki; James S. Uleman; Honami Arihara – Cognitive Science, 2025
This study investigated cross-cultural differences in visual attention patterns during comic reading, focusing on participants with Japanese and American cultural backgrounds. Using an eye-tracking paradigm, we examined attention processes as participants viewed pages from American comics and Japanese manga featuring objective or subjective…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cultural Differences, Attention, Cartoons
Ramotowska, Sonia; Steinert-Threlkeld, Shane; Maanen, Leendert; Szymanik, Jakub – Cognitive Science, 2023
According to logical theories of meaning, a meaning of an expression can be formalized and encoded in truth conditions. Vagueness of the language and individual differences between people are a challenge to incorporate into the meaning representations. In this paper, we propose a new approach to study truth-conditional representations of vague…
Descriptors: Computation, Models, Semantics, Decision Making
Lauren Fletcher; Hugh Rabagliati; Jennifer Culbertson – Cognitive Science, 2024
There is ample evidence that individual-level cognitive mechanisms active during language learning and use can contribute to the evolution of language. For example, experimental work suggests that learners will reduce case marking in a language where grammatical roles are reliably indicated by fixed word order, a correlation found robustly in the…
Descriptors: Communication Skills, Autism Spectrum Disorders, English, Language Processing
David W. Braithwaite; Anna N. Rafferty – Cognitive Science, 2025
Math problem solving frequently involves choices among alternative strategies. Strategy choices, and effects of problem features on strategy choices, both vary among individuals. We propose that individual differences in strategy choices can be well characterized in terms of parametric variation in three types of influence: global bias, relevant…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Fractions, Arithmetic, Problem Solving
Palma, Pauline; Lee, Sarah; Hodgins, Vegas; Titone, Debra – Cognitive Science, 2023
Studies of language evolution in the lab have used the iterated learning paradigm to show how linguistic structure emerges through cultural transmission--repeated cycles of learning and use across generations of speakers . However, agent-based simulations suggest that prior biases crucially impact the outcome of cultural transmission. Here, we…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Language Acquisition, Language Research, Adults
Weiyan Liao; Janet Hui-wen Hsiao – Cognitive Science, 2024
In isolated English word reading, readers have the optimal performance when their initial eye fixation is directed to the area between the beginning and word center, that is, the optimal viewing position (OVP). Thus, how well readers voluntarily direct eye gaze to this OVP during isolated word reading may be associated with reading performance.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Eye Movements, Markov Processes
Perfors, Andrew; Kidd, Evan – Cognitive Science, 2022
Humans have the ability to learn surprisingly complicated statistical information in a variety of modalities and situations, often based on relatively little input. These statistical learning (SL) skills appear to underlie many kinds of learning, but despite their ubiquity, we still do not fully understand precisely what SL is and what individual…
Descriptors: Statistics Education, Individual Differences, Perception, Stimuli
Riccardo Fusaroli; Christopher Cox; Ethan Weed; Balázs István Szabó; Deborah Fein; Letitia Naigles – Cognitive Science, 2025
Social interaction depends on turn-taking and adapting to one's conversational partner, yet little is known about the typical and atypical development of these abilities. We investigated this in a longitudinal corpus of spontaneous speech in 64 parent-child dyads: 32 typically developing children (20.27 months at start, six girls, 24 White) and 32…
Descriptors: Interaction, Parent Child Relationship, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Reaction Time
Król, Michal; Król, Magdalena E. – Cognitive Science, 2022
Existing research demonstrates that pre-decisional information sampling strategies are often stable within a given person while varying greatly across people. However, it remains largely unknown what drives these individual differences, that is, why in some circumstances we collect information more idiosyncratically. In this brief report, we…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Information Seeking, Sampling, Decision Making
David Menendez; Sarah A. Brown; Martha W. Alibali – Cognitive Science, 2023
Why do people shift their strategies for solving problems? Past work has focused on the roles of contextual and individual factors in explaining whether people adopt new strategies when they are exposed to them. In this study, we examined a factor not considered in prior work: people's evaluations of the strategies themselves. We presented…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Problem Solving, Learning Strategies, Self Evaluation (Individuals)
