Constructs a hierarchy of defense mechanisms through the addition of the concepts of secondary and tertiary defenses to the already existing psychoanalytic defenses and increases the explanatory power of the concept of defense. Research generated from this theoretical model is presented. (Author/BEF)

Examines psychological development and "coming out" process of lesbian women with regard to career planning. Claims interaction of these issues with a model of lesbian identity provides framework for career counselors who work with lesbian individuals or couples. Lists professional associations and resources for lesbians, homosexuals,…

Provides comprehensive definition of psychological trauma and offers guidance to practitioners who are increasingly needed to treat traumatized children. Key therapy considerations are organized around the role of dissociation and repetition compulsion in trauma. Presents treatments in connection with aloneness of trauma experience, dream and…

On the basis of the relevant research literature, this article discusses adult sleepwalking disorders, and focuses particularly on the documented cases of violence occurring during sleepwalking. Important diagnostic elements are reviewed, including family history, age of onset, gender, stages of sleep, impairments in memory and judgment, automatic…

Classical models of the grieving process include Freud's concept of withdrawal of ties to the love object called decathexis, and Lindemann's emancipation from the bondage to the deceased involving adjusting to the loss in one's environment and the ability to form new relationships. Most of the models and explanations of the grieving process over…

Provides brief historical account of three stages in development of theoretical framework which has guided research on defensive effects of motives on person perception, then proposes revised interactive model as fourth stage of conceptualization. New model suggests that defensive effects of motives on person perception are most likely to occur in…

Describes Carl Jung's theory of psychological type and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), an instrument to assess Jungian type. Cites sources of information on the research and application of the theory and the MBTI. Explores how knowledge of type theory can be useful to counselor educators. (Author)

Research directed toward combatting the problem of domestic violence involves consideration of certain variables related to implementing treatment regimens for battering males. The various characteristics of this population are discernable; the relationship of these factors has important implications for therapeutic intervention. The design and…

Addresses the psychological effects of torture (including solitary confinement) and the implications of torture for counseling and the counseling psychology profession. Discusses counseling issues related to diagnosis of torture victims, treatment, special considerations for counselors, use of testimony as counseling technique, and prognosis.…

Notes that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a commonly occurring problem that must be dealt with by both the helping and the health professions. Provides a brief update on recent advances in understanding and treating PMS. Emphasizes points of contact among various health professionals in developing an interdisciplinary approach to intervention.…

This article considers the validity of the widely-held notion that exercising for physical fitness also reduces stress. The ways in which researchers define "stress" and "fitness" are described. Several researchers comment on the subject and various research projects are discussed. (JL)

Discusses rarity of anorexia nervosa among male population with primary reference to differences from female symptomatology. Presents case which implies that anorexia nervosa in the male may be a marker for other more severe pathology. Presents findings which suggest a diagnostic strategy based on familial, behavioral, environmental, educational,…

Examines recent empirical evidence to test theories postulated in separate works by G. Stanley Hall and Anna Freud that adolescents must experience psychological turbulence in the transition to adulthood. Concludes that turmoil is no longer a necessary condition of adolescence and that those who do experience it need psychiatric attention.…

Recounts the history of cancer treatment to illustrate the long-standing tradition of a holistic approach to the investigation and treatment of cancer, discusses the growing emphasis on holistic cancer treatment and the importance of counseling in such treatment. (Author)

Views disability as opportunity for reframing physical and emotional difficulties. Explores strategies for facilitating personal healing and empowerment, including self-forgiveness and positive self-talk. (Authors/CM)