Reviews previous work in training observers for collecting observational counseling data. Outlines a nine-step Systematic Rater Training Model, which includes overview and contract, concept presentation, stimulation, modeling, passive discrimination, active discrimination, production, transfer of training to performance, and ongoing evaluation.…

Reports research results on a counseling approach designed to enhance the meaningfulness of life for elders with a sample of Cuban-Americans. Results indicated significant improvement in functioning occurred along all dimensions evaluated, and the model was sensitive to both age and cultural characteristics. (Author/RC)

This paper examines issues concerning educational finance in the Washington, D.C. public schools according to three measures of adequacy: city budget, per pupil expenditures, and teacher-student ratio. The issues are discussed in the context of historical, social, and political developments (the change from Federal control over the school district…