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Direct linkErtmer, David J.; Stoel-Gammon, Carol; Ertmer, David J.; Stoel-Gammon, Carol – Volta Review, 2008
Prelinguistic vocal development is "the process by which infants and toddlers produce increasingly more complex, phonetically diverse, and speech-like utterances before they say words on a regular basis" (Ertmer, 2005, p. 85). Research has shown that children with bilateral, moderate-to-profound hearing loss experience delays and deficits in vocal…
Descriptors: Speech, Hearing Impairments, Measures (Individuals), Sensory Aids
Download full textRoss, Denise E.; Nuzzolo, Robin; Stolfi, Lauren; Natarelli, Sarah – Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 2006
Speaker immersion is a tactic that uses multiple establishing operations to increase speaker behavior for individuals with limited mand and tact repertoires. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effects of speaker immersion on the number of independent mands, tacts, and autoclitics emitted by young children with verbal delays. In the…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Developmental Delays
