Higher education and public research play an important role in economic development, mainly in industrial research and development (R & D) and innovation through the manufacturing sector. Finland has taken great strides in this regard as it represents a Europeanization of a knowledge system in the European Union, being relevant at the…

Analyzes the degree to which states have promoted a linkage of economic development and employment and training programs. It examines organizational rearrangements ranging from administration of these activities by a single agency to collaboration by separate organizational units through such methods as joint databases, planning, training, and…

Global economic transformations have never been as dramatic as in the twentieth century. Most countries have experienced radical changes in the standards of income per capita, technology, fertility, mortality, income inequality and the extent of democracy in the course of the past century. It is the goal of many disciplines--economics, history,…