The increasing opening of French freemasonry to lower social classes raises the question of how individuals from different social backgrounds can be assimilated into the practice of context-independent ways of speaking and writing. I address these issues by, first, describing a selection by existing members based on the dispositions already…

Two samples of preschool children's representation and understanding of written number symbols was examined in two time points in one academic year. About 40% of Chinese four year olds (mean=4:7) were able to use conventional number symbols to represent the quantity of ten, on average. The majority of these children (85%) could represent written…