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Laird, Robert D. – Developmental Psychology, 2020
Researchers are often inclined to test agreement or discrepancy hypotheses using difference scores. This commentary explains 2 mathematical-statistical principles underlying associations with difference scores and 2 conceptual-interpretation problems that make difference scores inappropriate for testing such hypotheses. The commentary provides…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Hypothesis Testing, Differences, Scores
Campione-Barr, Nicole; Lindell, Anna K.; Giron, Sonia E. – Developmental Psychology, 2020
The use of differences scores to assess agreement/disagreement has a long and contentious history. Laird (2020) notes, however, that developmentalists have been particularly resistant to discontinue the use of difference scores. One area of developmental science where difference scores are still in regular use is that of parental differential…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Hypothesis Testing, Differences, Scores
Nadig, Aparna; Lee, Iris; Singh, Leher; Bosshart, Kyle; Ozonoff, Sally – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Conversation is a primary area of difficultly for individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) although they have unimpaired formal language abilities. This likely stems from the unstructured nature of face-to-face conversation as well as the need to coordinate other modes of communication (e.g. eye gaze) with speech. We conducted a quantitative…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Autism, Comparative Analysis, Eye Movements
McCartney, Kathleen; Burchinal, Margaret; Clarke-Stewart, Aliso; Bub, Kristen L.; Owen, Margaret T.; Belsky, Jay – Developmental Psychology, 2010
Prior research has documented associations between hours in child care and children's externalizing behavior. A series of longitudinal analyses were conducted to address 5 propositions, each testing the hypothesis that child care hours causes externalizing behavior. Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child…
Descriptors: Family Characteristics, Child Behavior, Child Care, Behavior Problems
Liu, Lisa L.; Lau, Anna S.; Chen, Angela Chia-Chen; Dinh, Khanh T.; Kim, Su Yeong – Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2009
Associations among neighborhood disadvantage, maternal acculturation, parenting and conduct problems were investigated in a sample of 444 Chinese American adolescents. Adolescents (54% female, 46% male) ranged from 12 to 15 years of age (mean age = 13.0 years). Multilevel modeling was employed to test the hypothesis that the association between…
Descriptors: Neighborhoods, Discipline, Mothers, Parenting Styles
Andrade, Brendan F.; Brodeur, Darlene A.; Waschbusch, Daniel A.; Stewart, Sherry H.; McGee, Robin – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2009
Objective: Investigated the relationship between selective and sustained attention and social behavior in children with different degrees of attentional disturbance. Method: Participants were 101 6- to 12-year-old children, including 18 who were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), 61 who were clinically referred for…
Descriptors: Antisocial Behavior, Behavior Problems, Social Behavior, Correlation
Burt, S. Alexandra; Barnes, Ashlee R.; McGue, Matt; Iacono, William G. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
Although the well-documented association between parental divorce and adolescent delinquency is generally assumed to be environmental (i.e., causal) in origin, genetic mediation is also possible. Namely, the behavior problems often found in children of divorce could derive from similar pathology in the parents, pathology that is both heritable and…
Descriptors: Divorce, Behavior Problems, Delinquency, Pathology
Hayford, Sarah R.; Furstenberg, Frank F., Jr. – Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2008
As the transition to adulthood becomes more protracted and less orderly, fewer young people occupy adult roles and experience the social control associated with these roles. One might therefore expect behaviors associated with the teenage years to spill over into older age groups, reflecting postponed entrance into full social adulthood. We test…
Descriptors: Social Control, Social Indicators, Behavior Problems, Crime
Hastings, Paul D.; Sullivan, Caroline; McShane, Kelly E.; Coplan, Robert J.; Utendale, William T.; Vyncke, Johanna D. – Child Development, 2008
Parental supportiveness and protective overcontrol and preschoolers' parasympathetic regulation were examined as predictors of temperamental inhibition, social wariness, and internalizing problems. Lower baseline vagal tone and weaker vagal suppression were expected to mark poorer dispositional self-regulatory capacity, leaving children more…
Descriptors: Socialization, Mothers, Infants, Fathers
Altink, Marieke E.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Franke, Barbara; Slaats-Willemse, Dorine I. E.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Anney, Richard; Brookes, Keeley-Joanne; Chen, Wai; Gill, Michael; Mulligan, Aisling; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Thompson, Margaret; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: The dopamine receptor D4 ("DRD4") 7-repeat allele and maternal smoking during pregnancy are both considered as risk factors in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have been conducted on their interactive effects in causing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to examine the gene by…
Descriptors: Siblings, Smoking, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Pregnancy
Borgmeier, Chris; Horner, Robert H. – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2006
Faced with limited resources, schools require tools that increase the accuracy and efficiency of functional behavioral assessment. Yarbrough and Carr (2000) provided evidence that informant confidence ratings of the likelihood of problem behavior in specific situations offered a promising tool for predicting the accuracy of function-based…
Descriptors: Predictive Validity, Functional Behavioral Assessment, Behavior Problems, Elementary School Students
English, Carie L.; Anderson, Cynthia M. – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2006
Direct methods of functional assessment--through which information is gathered by observing environment--behavior relations--vary with the degree to which environmental events are manipulated. Unstructured (ABC) assessments involve observing the occurrence of problem behavior without altering environmental events in any way. At the other extreme,…
Descriptors: Functional Behavioral Assessment, Children, Developmental Disabilities, Behavior Problems
Lahey, Benjamin B.; Van Hulle, Carol A.; Waldman, Irwin D.; Rodgers, Joseph Lee; D'Onofrio, Brian M.; Pedlow, Steven; Rathouz, Paul; Keenan, Kate – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2006
Accurate descriptions of sex differences in the development of childhood conduct problems and adolescent delinquency will inform theories of their causes in fundamentally important ways. Using data on 4,572 offspring of a national sample of women, we tested descriptive hypotheses regarding sex differences. As predicted, the magnitude of sex…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Gender Differences, Behavior Problems, Delinquency
Katz, Lynn Fainsilber; Hessler, Danielle M.; Annest, Amalia – Social Development, 2007
This article examined emotion competence in children exposed to domestic violence (DV). It also examined the hypothesis that children's emotional competence mediates relations between DV and children's later difficulties with peers and behavioral adjustment. DV was assessed when children were at the age of five, emotional competence was assessed…
Descriptors: Friendship, Interpersonal Competence, Behavior Problems, Family Violence
Hay, Dale F.; Pawlby, Susan; Waters, Cerith S.; Sharp, Deborah – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is considered a major public health problem that conveys risk to mothers and offspring. Yet PPD typically occurs in the context of a lifelong episodic illness, and its putative effects might derive from the child's exposure to other episodes, in pregnancy or later childhood. The aim of the study is to test…
Descriptors: Mothers, Emotional Disturbances, Public Health, Pregnancy
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