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Wolf, Steven F.; Dougherty, Daniel P.; Kortemeyer, Gerd – Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research, 2012
A seminal study by Chi "et al." firmly established the paradigm that novices categorize physics problems by "surface features" (e.g., "incline," "pendulum," "projectile motion," etc.), while experts use "deep structure" (e.g., "energy conservation," "Newton 2," etc.). Yet, efforts to replicate the study frequently fail, since the ability to…
Descriptors: Physics, Novices, Expertise, Problem Solving