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Ginns, Paul – Learning and Instruction, 2005
This article reviews research on the modality effect, the educational practice of presenting to-be-learned graphical information visually, and related textual information through an auditory mode. Meta-analytic methods were applied to 43 independent effects (39 between-subjects designs, 4 within-subjects designs). Major hypotheses regarding the…
Descriptors: Instructional Materials, Educational Practices, Meta Analysis, Learning Modalities