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Fluid Intelligence and Discriminative Operant Learning of Reinforcement Contingencies in a Fixed Ratio 3 Schedule
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Lozano, J. H.; Hernandez, J. M.; Rubio, V. J.; Santacreu, J. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2011
Although intelligence has traditionally been identified as "the ability to learn" (Peterson, 1925), this relationship has been questioned in simple operant learning tasks (Spielberger, 1962). Nevertheless, recent pieces of research have demonstrated a strong and significant correlation between associative learning measures and intelligence…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Associative Learning, Reinforcement, Task Analysis
Gender Differences in Processing Speed: A Review of Recent Research
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Roivainen, Eka – Learning and Individual Differences, 2011
A review of recent large-scale studies on gender differences in processing speed and on the cognitive factors assumed to affect processing speed was performed. It was found that females have an advantage in processing speed tasks involving digits and alphabets as well as in rapid naming tasks while males are faster on reaction time tests and…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Alphabets, Short Term Memory, Writing Skills
Working Memory and Mathematics: A Review of Developmental, Individual Difference, and Cognitive Approaches
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Raghubar, Kimberly P.; Barnes, Marcia A.; Hecht, Steven A. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
Working memory refers to a mental workspace, involved in controlling, regulating, and actively maintaining relevant information to accomplish complex cognitive tasks (e.g. mathematical processing). Despite the potential relevance of a relation between working memory and math for understanding developmental and individual differences in…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Longitudinal Studies, Cognitive Processes
Revved up or Turned off? How Domain Knowledge Changes the Relationship between Perceived Task Complexity and Task Interest
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Durik, Amanda M.; Matarazzo, Kristina L. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2009
This correlational study examined the relationship between perceived task complexity and task interest for individuals with varying levels of domain knowledge and/or individual interest. Forty-five college student participants (46% women) reported their knowledge and individual interest in biology before learning about the biology of fungus.…
Descriptors: College Students, Biology, Correlation, Task Analysis
The Impact of Strategy Instruction and Timing of Estimates on Low and High Working-Memory Capacity Readers' Absolute Monitoring Accuracy
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Linderholm, Tracy; Zhao, Qin – Learning and Individual Differences, 2008
Working-memory capacity, strategy instruction, and timing of estimates were investigated for their effects on absolute monitoring accuracy, which is the difference between estimated and actual reading comprehension test performance. Participants read two expository texts under one of two randomly assigned reading strategy instruction conditions…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Strategies, Memory, Reading Tests
Naming Speed in Dyslexia and Dyscalculia
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Willburger, Edith; Fussenegger, Barbara; Moll, Kristina; Wood, Guilherme; Landerl, Karin – Learning and Individual Differences, 2008
In four carefully selected samples of 8- to 10-year old children with dyslexia (but age adequate arithmetic skills), dyscalculia (but age adequate reading skills), dyslexia/dyscalculia and controls a domain-general deficit in rapid automatized naming (RAN) was found for both dyslexia groups. Dyscalculic children exhibited a domain-specific deficit…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Reading Skills, Arithmetic, Basic Skills
Individual Differences in Spatial Text Processing: High Spatial Ability Can Compensate for Spatial Working Memory Interference
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Meneghetti, Chiara; Gyselinck, Valerie; Pazzaglia, Francesca; De Beni, Rossana – Learning and Individual Differences, 2009
The present study investigates the relation between spatial ability and visuo-spatial and verbal working memory in spatial text processing. In two experiments, participants listened to a spatial text (Experiments 1 and 2) and a non-spatial text (Experiment 1), at the same time performing a spatial or a verbal concurrent task, or no secondary task.…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Group Testing, Visualization, Short Term Memory