This paper provides an overview of Malaysia's affirmative action program, legally constituted as Malay Special Rights. An introduction defines the aim of the program as improving the economic position of Bumiputras, who consist of Malays and other indigenous communities. These, it is said, are Malaysia's most economically disadvantaged groups;…

After World War II, the newly federated Yugoslav government promised equality to the country's many different ethnic and religious groups. The 1974 Constitution guaranteed every citizen his or her free expression of belonging to a "nation" or "nationality," the free expression of his or her ethnic culture, and the freedom to…

Discusses and describes the development of academic grievance procedures at the University of Louisville, Kentucky, to provide a formal mechanism within the educational institution to ensure that students' rights are not abridged. Presents procedural stages, the hearing, deliberation phase, rehearing and appeals, and the ombudsman role. (MF)

Discusses the origins, progress, and eventual enjoinment of the proposed Colorado Amendment 2, which would have repealed local equal protection for homosexuals. Provides excerpts from three Colorado Supreme Court decisions related to the proposed amendment. Includes a time line for the issue, ranging from 1977-92. (CFR)

Argues that a fundamental characteristic of a democratic, pluralistic society is social institutions fair and open to all citizens. Discusses criteria for applying the principle of equality in judging equality of access to education. (CFR)

Asserts that, at no point in East German educational history, did girls' education play a role, because the concept of school and instruction was not differentiated according to gender. Describes the bibliographic search for gender-related issues and how the leading East German educational journal treated them. (CFR)

The purpose of this paper is to examine, from a Constitutional perspective, the bases on which ability grouping and tracking might be challenged as barriers to equal educational opportunity. Findings from educational research on ability grouping, commentary from law review journals, and the texts of cases themselves are included as a part of the…

Describes the early history of the juvenile court system and ties it to the reforms of the U.S. Progressive Era. Examines the arguments of those who call for the abolition of juvenile courts. Concludes that much of the criticism is misplaced and that efforts should be made to make juvenile courts work rather than abolish them. (CFR)

Salary equity issues in higher education are examined with reference to sex discrimination in faculty salaries, the law and its application, judicial deference toward higher education, and the nature of salary equity evidence. The basis for most salary equity studies has been the simple observation that salaries of male professors are generally…

This chapter addresses recent changes in public policy and organizational practices that affect LGBTQ individuals and the role that organizational policy can play in establishing and maintaining respectful and inclusive workplaces.

Maintains that providing justice to people accused of a crime has evolved slowly over the centuries. Discusses the history of indigent defense in the United States. Includes vocabulary terms, a timeline, a list of "Heroes of Indigent Defense," reviews of significant court cases, and a discussion of legal services in five cities. (CFR)

Presents the history and activities of the Legal Aid Society of New York City, the largest and oldest provider of legal assistance for poor people in the United States. Presents a timeline of the society and suggested instructional activities. Provides an annotated list of six resource organizations. (CFR)

A study was undertaken by the Mexican American Cultural Institute at Rio Hondo College to determine the effectiveness of an in-service program to increase administrator awareness and understanding of Mexican Americans. A 50-item questionnaire sought information on knowledge of the Mexican American and of Mexican American culture; stereotypes about…

This paper examines the federal and state constitutional and statutory issues that affect the capacity of governments to raise revenue for education and other children's services, including mandates and key legislation that limit revenues, expenditures, and borrowing. The paper is divided into three major sections: (1) legal issues affecting…

Over 70 recommendations are contained in this report submitted to the Joint Committee on Vocational Education by Steiger, Fink, and Kosecoff, Inc. This outside agency received a contract in December, 1978, to: (1) evaluate activities and services provided by the State Department of Education and the Chancellor's Office of the California Community…