This paper focuses on why metropolitan areas vary in their capacity to translate generally high employment rates into economic opportunity for the disadvantaged. Data come from the Urban Institute's Urban Underclass Database, which includes poverty and employment data for 1980 and 1990 for the 100 largest metropolitan areas down to the Census…

Colleges and universities of all kinds rely on part-time faculty to teach students from the freshman year through graduate studies, although they are more likely to teach lower division students. Overall, 43% of postsecondary instructional faculty work part-time, while full-time tenure track positions are held by about 18% of faculty members.…

This brief presents some U.S. Census figures on poverty and employment patterns for 1999. The percentage of U.S. citizens living in poverty declined to 11.8 percent in 1999, the lowest poverty rate since 1979, as poverty rates for people aged 65 and over, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and people living in the South fell to all-time lows.…

A slow and gradual nationwide trend by which more men than women are being hired to teach physical education full time at the high school level has been accompanied by a decrease in numbers of full-time physical education teaching positions. (JD)

Although female employment is associated with lower levels of completed fertility in the civilian world, we find family formation rates among U.S. military women to be comparatively high. We compare enlisted women with civilian women using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 3,547), the only data set to measure simultaneously the…

The future of mandatory retirement is at least partly driven by changing demographics. In Canada, these demographics include slowing population growth, rapid aging, declining rates of labour force participation, and slowing labour force growth. After reviewing the demographic trends and considering alternate scenarios in labour force…

Fewer teenagers are participating in the labor force today than at any point since WWII. At just under 44 percent teen labor force participation is 15 percentage points below its peak in the late 1970s. The authors investigate the long-run decline in the work activity of young adults, and the acceleration of this trend during the last five years.…

The labor market and marital status experiences of women in their forties were examined using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women, which tracked the experiences of women from ages 40 to 49 during the 1967-86 time period. Findings included the following: (1) over 85% worked at some time during their forties; (2) they averaged…

This report describes the occupational mobility of science and engineering (S/E) personnel. This analysis is part of the National Science Foundation's Division of Science Resources Studies program designed to enhance the understanding of the operations of the S/E labor market. Charts represent information discussed in the text regarding such…

The competitive employment experience of 21 severely retarded persons over an eight-year period is described. Although significant vocational problems included slow work rate and lack of appropriate social skills, a cumulative total of over $230,000 of unsubsidized wages was earned. Suggestions include more creative and comprehensive job…

The State of Texas receives more from taxes paid by undocumented persons than it costs the state to provide them with public services, such as education, health care, corrections, and welfare. However, six Texas cities together expended more to provide services to undocumented aliens than they received in taxes. (RDN)

Discusses productivity trends in manufacturing in 12 countries. Includes statistics on labor productivity, unit labor costs, output, employment and hours, and hourly compensation for 1982. (JOW)

Discusses the community-based approach used in the Corning-Elmira, NY, area to address the concerns of career education and the problems caused by economics and changes in employment patterns. (JOW)

Recognizing that comprehensive labor force information is vital to the development of employment policy, the International Labour Organisation instituted a series of experiments to test the use of key informants at local levels to collect the information. The success of the approach requires international cooperation in providing technical…

Discusses a collaborative study between Mayo Clinic's departments of human resources and marketing to identify the factors that influence candidates' decisions to accept or decline job offers and the reasons behind staff resignations. Study aimed to increase the effectiveness of employee recruitment advertising, streamline its interviewing…