Graduate students face a fundamental change in identity when transitioning from undergraduate writers to graduate writers. In their new role as graduate writers and researchers, they must move from consuming knowledge to producing knowledge through their writing. Often, they must learn new genres of writing, new disciplinary conventions, and new…

Although most young children seem to master reading skills in the early grades of elementary school, many struggle with texts as they move through middle school and high school. Why do children who seem to be proficient readers in third grade have trouble comprehending texts in later grades? To answer this question, Nonie Lesaux describes what is…

Active participation in university tutorials seems to be commonly argued as one of the learning difficulties of non-English-speaking background (NESB) Asian students enrolled in Western English-speaking universities. These students are often portrayed as being passive in class and this is commonly attributed to their background culture. Using…

Four basic models used to classify bilingual programs for hearing students are explained briefly, and advantages and disadvantages for use of the models with hearing-impaired minority-language-speaking students are provided. (Author)

Learning at school is a complex process of socialisation into selected and valued practices of a society. As children and students progress through levels of education, they are instructed in increasingly specialised cultural practices defined in the curriculum as subjects. This paper describes subject-specific teachers working with…

This note introduces readers to the development of English for specific purposes (ESP) teaching and research in China and, more specifically, aviation English curriculum development in the Chinese context, so that ESP professionals can be acquainted with the recent development of ESP theory and practice in a non-English speaking country like…

This article discusses prereferral intervention, mainstreaming, and appropriate education for culturally and linguistically diverse exceptional learners. One approach for addressing prereferral intervention at district or school building levels is described, emphasizing the need to expand training to meet the needs of minority non-Hispanic…

Deals with language minorities in the United States through discussion of the special English instructional programs needed for them, the legislative and judicial mandates on such programs, and three controversial issues: (1) the goals of such programs, (2) who the programs should serve, and (3) the most pedagogical approach for bilingual…

Highlights instructional practices in four California newcomer schools designed to address newly arrived immigrant students' instructional needs. Observations of the schools indicated effective instructional practices for that student population were not being used in most of the newcomer classrooms, despite a strong commitment to support and…

This coordinator's report and training manual are materials from a teacher training project for teachers of English to adult speakers of other languages in state-funded adult education programs in central New Jersey. The 14-page report is a personal narrative with no supporting documentation. It covers objectives, the project's educational…

Although bilingual education has existed in this nation's schools since the nineteenth century, during the last two decades there has been a major increase in both the number and the scope of bilingual-bicultural educational programs. This publication seeks to provide a foundation for the coherent, comprehensive development of educational programs…

This guide brings together two articles on the teaching of reading to Indochinese refugee adults who are illiterate, semiliterate, or non-Roman alphabet literate. In "Teaching Literacy to Adult Non-Native Speakers of English," Don Ranard addresses the questions of placement in literacy classes, native vs. English literacy, teaching…

A systematic model for accelerating the process of developing the word decoding skills and building the vocabularies of bilingual adults was used among prison populations in Rockland County, Dutchess County, Suffolk County, and Essex County, New York, as well as in work-study programs in community centers in New York City. Literacy levels of the…

An investigation is presented of a regular classroom teacher's socio-psycho-linguistic experiences with the non-English speaking children in her classroom. Audiotaped interviews were conducted with Mrs. Walters (pseudonym), a first grade teacher with a large number of foreign students in her classroom. In addition to interviewing the teacher, the…

A bilingual-bicultural education program has been instituted at Eastern Oregon State College to train classroom teachers for migrant programs in the schools. The pupils are Mexican-American-Chicano children. Under the supervision of master teachers, the student teacher follows a curriculum designed to instruct in both English and Spanish. Central…