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Download full textSarkar, Jyotirmoy; Rashid, Mamunur – Educational Research Quarterly, 2017
The standard deviation (SD) of a random sample is defined as the square-root of the sample variance, which is the "mean" squared deviation of the sample observations from the sample mean. Here, we interpret the sample SD as the square-root of twice the mean square of all pairwise half deviations between any two sample observations. This…
Descriptors: Sample Size, Sampling, Visualization, Geometric Concepts
Schultz, Matthew T.; Geisinger, Kurt F. – 1992
Research efforts have established that the Mantel-Haenszel procedure (MHP) is an effective method for detecting the presence of test items exhibiting differential item functioning (DIF). While the MHP has been advocated for situations where item response theory based methods may not be usable, recent findings have suggested that the performance of…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Comparative Analysis, Control Groups, Equations (Mathematics)
