Early literacy experiences, including reading and writing, serve as meaningful backdrops for teachers in early childhood contexts to support and embed both computational thinking and computer science into classroom instruction. This article shares how interactive in-class instruction that is embedded within rich literacy experiences and computer…

This paper proposes a methodology for authoring of intelligent tutoring systems using human computation. The methodology embeds authoring tasks in existing educational tasks to avoid the need for monetary authoring incentives. Because not all educational tasks are equally motivating, there is a tension between designing the human computation task…

Very often, we understand differences in literacy performance exclusively in terms of the skills that individuals bring to the literacy tasks they face. Drawing on a new, highly integrative theory of functional literacy--the text-task-respondent (TTR) theory--this article presents a set of seven literacy skills that are required for everyday…

This document describes the Minnesota No Child Left Behind (NCLB) calculation as it relates to measuring Title III districts for Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives (AMAO). In 2012, a new assessment was used to measure language proficiency skills for English Learners. New AMAO targets were created, and new values for determining individual…

Presents a list of Apple software that helps students develop specific skills through supplemental learning at home. Software, including program, manufacturer, grade level(s), and price, is provided for: writing; spelling; grammar; vocabulary; reading comprehension; computational mathematics; and mathematics concepts/applications. Also provides…