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Direct linkSeyyed-Abdolhamid Mirhosseini; Mahtab Janfada; Leila Iranmanesh – Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2025
Language tests, including international high-stakes English proficiency tests widely used around the world, are to be viewed as ideological constructs connected with power relations and center-periphery demarcations at different social levels. In this paper, we examine the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) as an instance of…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Carlson, Janet F. – Communique, 2015
Testing Spanish speakers presents certain challenges common to all testing circumstances involving test takers whose first language is not English. In addition, some unique challenges arise because there are many subpopulations of Spanish speakers both inside and outside of the United States. Spanish as spoken in Spain differs from that spoken in…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Testing, Spanish, Spanish Speaking
